全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Word下载.docx

全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Word下载.docx

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childrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes

7

lackofadequateparentalcontrol.

Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare

8

tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly

9

juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat

10

tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment

11

makegainfulemploymentincreasingly

difficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin

12

leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso

13

changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworking

parents;

14，childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome

15

wascommoninthetraditionalfamily

16

.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other__17_

causesof

offensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased__18_ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing

19

of

childabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,

20

adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

1.

[A]acting

[B]relying

[C]centering

[D]commenting

2.

[A]before

[B]unless

[C]until

[D]because

3.

[A]interaction

[B]assimilation

[C]cooperation

[D]consultation

4.

[A]return

[B]reply

[C]reference

[D]response

5.

[A]or

[B]butrather

[C]but

[D]orelse

6.

[A]considering

[B]ignoring

[C]highlighting

[D]discarding

7.

[A]on

[B]in

[C]for

[D]with

8.

[A]immune

[B]resistant

[C]sensitive

[D]subject

9.

[A]affect

[B]reduce

[C]chock

[D]reflect

10.

[A]point

[B]lead

[C]come

[D]amount

11.[A]ingeneral

[B]onaverage

[C]bycontrast

[D]atlength

12.

[A]case

[B]short

[C]turn

[D]essence

13.

[A]survived

[B]noticed

[C]undertaken

[D]experienced

14.[A]contrarily

[B]consequently

[C]similarly

[D]simultaneously

15.

[A]than

[B]that

[C]which

[D]as

16.

[A]system

[B]structure

[C]concept

[D]heritage

17.

[A]assessable

[B]identifiable

[C]negligible

[D]incredible

18.

[A]expense

[B]restriction

[C]allocation

[D]availability

19.

[A]incidence

[B]awareness

[C]exposure

[D]popularity

20.

[A]provided

[B]since

[C]although

[D]supposing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent”.It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualpropertyandWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanhetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:

“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,”saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo—thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;

whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;

jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem—andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

22.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

[A]Lackofcounseling.

[B]Limitednumberofvisits.

[C]Lowerefficiency.

[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.

23.

Theexpression“tipservice”（Line4,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans

.

[A]advisory.

[B]compensation.

[C]interaction.

[D]reminder.

24.

WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.

[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.

[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.

[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

Text2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:

alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoë

Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;

and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors（includinghisfather）hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged（Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,Chré

tienandKoizumi）.Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers（Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami）areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'

sfiverichestmen（Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht）.

Canthismerelybecoincidence?

Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;

bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:

alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAA