高二英语下学期期末考试题含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

高二英语下学期期末考试题含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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manyfearthethoughtofbuyinggifts;

theyworrythattheirpurchaseswilldisappointratherthandelighttheintendedreceivers．

What 

issurprisingisthatgift﹣givershaveconsiderableexperienceactingasbothgift﹣giversandgift﹣recipients, 

butneverthelesstendtooverspendeachtimetheysetouttopurchaseameaningfulgift．Inthepresentresearch, 

weproposeauniquepsychologicalexplanationforthisoverspendingproblem﹣i．e．, 

thatgift﹣giversequatehowmuchtheyspendwithhowmuchreceiverswillappreciatethegift（themoreexpensivethegift, 

thestrongeragift﹣recipient’sfeelingsofappreciation）．Althoughalinkbetweengiftpriceandfeelingsofappreciationmightseemintuitive（凭直觉得到的）togift﹣givers, 

suchanassumptionmaybeunfounded．Indeed, 

weproposethatgift﹣receiverswillseldomtendtobasetheirfeelingsofappreciationonthesignificanceweightofagiftthangiversassume．

Why 

dogift﹣giversassumethatgiftpriceiscloselylinkedtogift﹣recipients’feelingsofappreciation?

Perhapsgiversbelievethatbigger（i．e．, 

moreexpensive）giftsconveystrongersignalsofthoughtfulnessandconsideration．AccordingtoCamerer（1988）andothers, 

gift﹣givingrepresentsasymbolicritual（礼节）, 

bywhichgift﹣giversattempttosignaltheirpositiveattitudestowardtheintendedreceiverandtheirwillingnesstoinvestresourcesinafuturerelationship．Inthissense, 

gift﹣giversmaybemotivatedtospendmoremoneyonagiftinordertosenda“strongersignal”totheirintendedreceiver．Asforgift﹣receivers, 

theymaynotconsidersmallerandlargergiftsasrepresentingsmallerandlargersignalsofthoughtfulnessandconsideration．

In 

practicalterms, 

peoplespendhundredsofdollarseachyearongifts, 

butsomehowneverlearntomeasuretheirgiftexpensesaccordingtopersonalinsight．

（1）Theunderlinedword________mostnearlymeans________．

A.unrealisticB.conflictedC.appreciativeD.supportive．

（2）Theauthorsindicatethatpeoplevaluegift﹣givingbecausetheyfeelit________．

A.functionsasaformofself﹣expression．

B.isaninexpensivewaytoshowappreciation．

C.requiresthegift﹣receiverstoreturn．

D.canservetostrengthenarelationship．． 

（3）TheauthorsrefertoworkbyCamererandothersinorderto________．

A.offeranexplanationB.introduceanargument

C.questionanintensionD.supportaconclusion．

B

Most 

peopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize, 

andthefirstpersontowinittwice．However, 

fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner．

Born 

inSeptember, 

1987, 

IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters．Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars, 

Irenestudiedintheirownschool, 

andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers．ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSé

vigné

inParis．

IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics．WhenWorldWarIbegan, 

Irenewenttohelphermother, 

whowasusingX﹣rayfacilities（设备）tohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers．IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX﹣rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium．HerserviceswererecognisedintheformofaMilitary’sMedalbytheFrenchgovernment．

1918, 

Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute．InDecember1924, 

FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute, 

andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork．Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926．TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater．

Like 

hermother, 

Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer．Likehermother, 

IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize, 

alongwithherhusband, 

in1935．Unfortunately, 

alsolikehermother, 

shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity（辐射能）．IreneJoliot﹣CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17, 

1956．

（4）WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal？

________

A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics．

B.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother．

C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic．

D.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded．．

（5）WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot？

A.Atamilitaryhospital．B.AttheUniversityofParis．

C.AttheCurieInstitute．D.AttheCollegeofSevigne．．

（6）WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn？

A.In1927．B.In1932．C.In1897．D.In1926．．

（7）InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother？

A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity．

B.Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer．

C.Irenediedfromleukemia．

D.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce． 

C

Therearetwotypesofpeopleinthisworld:

thosewhoregularlywashtheirofficecoffeecup．Andthosewhoonlytakeitofftheirdesktocoverupthecoffeemarkatthebottomwithafreshpour, 

drivingawaytheirshamewiththereasoningthattheheatmustkillthebacteriaorspinething．

Dependingonwhichtypeofpersonyouare, 

thiswillbeeithermildlyannoyingormore﹣than﹣mildlyexciting．AsHeidiMitchellwroteinarecentWallStreetJournalcolumn, 

it’sfinetoneverwashyourcup, 

aslongasyou’renotsharingitwithanybodyelse．

Therearetwowarningstothatstatement, 

infectious﹣diseaseexpertJeffreyStrake, 

aprofessoratBaylorCollegeofMedicine, 

toldMitchell;

One, 

itonlyappliesifyou’renotsharingthecupwithanybodyelse．Andtwo, 

ifyouleavecreamorsugarinyourcupovertheweekend, 

thatcancertainlycausemold（霉）togrow﹣inwhichcase, 

washitout．

Otherwise, 

though, 

there’snotreallymuchtoworryabout．“IfIwentandculturedtheaverageunwashedcoffeecup, 

ofcourseIwouldfindbacteria．”Starkesaid．“Butrememberthevastmajoritycamefromthepersonwhousedthecup．”Evenifyoudrinkfromitwhilesick, 

it’sprettyhardtore﹣infectyourselfwiththesamecup;

mostvirusesdon’tlivelongoutsidethebody, 

whichmeansthatjustlettingyourcupliveinitsowndirtmaybeasaferbetthanthealternative;

cleaningitwiththedisgustingsponge（海绵）intheofficekitchen“Thespongeinthebreakroomprobablyhasthehighestbacteriacountofanythingintheoffice．”Starkesaidiftheideaofnotwashinghorrifiesyou, 

juststickthespongeinthemicrowavebeforeusing．Otherwise, 

reelfreetocontinue________withoutguilt．

（8）Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellus？

A.Itisharmfultodrinkcoffeewithsugar．

B.It’sokaynottowashyourcoffeecupregularly．

C.Thehotwatercontributestothebacteriagrowing．

D.Drinkingfromunwashedcoffeecupscausesdiseaseseasily．．

（9）WhatdoweknowfromStark’swords？

A.Thecoffeecupintheofficemustbeputinthemicrowavetoclean．

B.It’seasytogetinfectedifyouoftenusethesameunwashedcup．

C.Thecoffeecupshouldn’tbesharedintheoffice．

D.It’sgoodwaytogrowbacteriainanunwashedcup．．

（10）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“yourlazyways”referto？

A.Leavingyourcoffeecupunwashed．

B.Stickingthespongeinthemicrowave

C.UsingPapercupsonlyintheoffice

D.Cleaningyourcoffeecupwithsponge．．

（11）Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom？

A.Atravelbrochure．B.Asciencemagazine．

C.Anofficialstatement．D.Anentertainmentprogram

D

ifyouarrivedhometofindadelicioushotmealwaitingforyou, 

preparedbyyourownkitchenrobot?

Itmightsoundlikesciencefiction, 

butprofessorsattheUniversityofTokyohavetakenthefirststepstowardmakingthatareality．Theteamrecentlyintroducedahuman﹣shapedkitchenrobotthatcanpourteaandotherdrinksintocupsandservethemtoguests．Whenteatimeisover, 

therobotcanalsowashthedishesandputthemaway．

California, 

anotherinterestingkitchenrobothasbeendeveloped, 

calledReadybot．Itcanpickupobjectsandeitherstorethemincabinets（橱柜）orputtheminthetrash．Italsocarriesaseparatefloor﹣cleaningrobotthatcanoperatebyitself．UnliketheJapaneserobot, 

Readybotjustlooksmorelikealargeboxwitharmsandwheels．

ReadybotwascreatedbyengineersanddesignerswhoestablishedaclubcalledtheReadybotChallenge．Theybelievethatinthefuturemillionsofrobotswillbeneededinhomestoperformordinaryhouseholdtasks．Readybotisjustthefirststepintheirplantocreatearobotthatcandojobsnotonlyinkitchensbutinotherroomsofhomesandinofficesaswell．

Clearlytherearetechnologicaldifficultiestosolvebeforerobotscancookacompletedinner, 

andtherearealsomanysafetyconcerns（忧虑）．Noteveryone（especiallyparents）wouldbecomfortablewiththeideaofrobotsintheirhouse, 

________hotpansandsharpknives．TheEuropeanCommissionrecentlyfunded（资助）aprojecttostudytheseconcerns．AccordingtoleadresearcherProfessorChrisMelhuish, 

“Enablingrobotstoworksafelywithhumansisakeyneedforthefuturedevelo