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Whenthe61-year-oldfirsttravelledtotheeastAfricanislandinthe1970s,hewastoldtoclosedownaprojecttosavetheMauritiuskestrel.Atthetimetherewerejustfourleftinthewild,makingittherarestbirdonEarth.However,hestayed,usingthetechniquesofcaptivebreeding（人工繁殖）,whichinvolvedsnatchingeggsfromthebirds’nestsandhatching（孵化）themunderincubators,promptingthemotherstolayanothersetofeggsinthewild.
Adecadelater,thenumberofMauritiuskestrelshadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.Thebiologisthasalsobeennecessaryineffortstobringotherrarespeciesbackfromtheedgeofextinction,includingthepinkpigeon,echoparakeetandRodrigueswarbler.
Prof.Joneswasawardedthe$250,000（￡172,000）prizeataceremonyinLondon.
“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”reflectingonthestartofhiscareer,hesaidtheMauritiuskestrelprojecthadbeenseenasa“deadloss”atthetime.Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.
Prof.Joneshasdevotedhiswholelifetohiswork,onlybecomingafatherforthefirsttimeeightyearsago,at53.Hesaidreceivingtheprizewasparticularlyimportanttohim,becauseitprovedthathisworktosavebirdswasright.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章介绍了生物学家CarlJones通过人工繁殖的方式使濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加,并且因此获得了2016年的印第安纳波利斯奖。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accolade”meaninParagraph2?
A.Return.B.Level.C.Honor.D.Research.
【解析】选C。
词义猜测题。
由于破折号后面的句子是对前面句子的补充说明,故由“wonthe2016IndianapolisPrize”可推知,这里的“accolade”与获奖有关,所以C项“荣誉”符合题意。
2.Accordingtothepassage,GreatAukis______.
A.anendangeredbird
B.anextinctbird
C.apopularbird
D.afiercebird
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段最后一句中的“hesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombecomingthenextGreatAuk.”可知,他拯救了濒临灭绝的红隼,使它免于遭受GreatAuk的情况,所以推测,GreatAuk是已经灭绝的一种鸟类。
故选B。
3.WhatcanweknowfromthefiguresinParagraph4?
A.Takingeggsfromthenestshasworkedwell.
B.Thewildenvironmentforkestrelhaschangedalot.
C.Kestrelhasadaptedtothelifeinthewild.
D.It’sdifficulttoprotectkestrel.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
根据文章第四段第一句中的“...hadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.”可知,红隼的数量已经开始增加了,所以可推断人工繁殖的方法很有效,与第三段中的“人工繁殖”相对应。
故选A。
4.Prof.Jones’ideaoftakingeggsfromthebirds’nests______.
A.wasprovedofnouse
B.waswidelyaccepted
C.waspromotedofficially
D.wascriticizedbysomepeople
【解析】选D。
根据文章第一段第一句中的“Abiologistoncecriticized...therarestbird”及文章倒数第二段“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”和最后一句中的“Inthe1970stherewas...thattheyweretoorisky...”可知琼斯教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评。
故选D。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1.criticize vt.批评
2.conservationn.保护
3.tensionn.紧张
4.oppositionn.反对
5.captiveadj.被监禁的;
被困住的
6.breedvt.饲养;
培育
7.emphasisn.重要性
长难句分析
Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.
分析:
本句是一个复合句。
本句是therebe句型,arguing后是that引导的宾语从句。
译文:
在20世纪七十年代,有人强烈反对人工繁殖的方法,批评家们争论说:
这些方法有风险,不重视在野外的繁殖。
（2020·
桂林模拟）
StudyingtheDNAof300micehasflaggedupgeneswhichhavebeenlinkedtohereditary（遗传的）sightlossforthefirsttime.Researcherssaybecausemice’sgenesaresosimilartohumans’,theirfindingscouldleadtothetreatmentofmoregeneticdiseases.
ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davisstudiedinformationfromadatabankofmice’sgeneticmaterial.Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.
Onlyaround50to75percentofhereditaryeyediseasesinhumancanbeexplainedwithpresentscience.Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25—50percent.
“Thisisextremelyvaluableforpeoplewithhereditaryeyedisease,”saidresearcherProfessorAlaMoshiri.“Allresearchersaregoingtostartusingthesedata.Inthepast,weknewtheproblemwastherebutwedidn’tknowwheretolook.Noweyecenterscancallbackpatientsandscreenthemforthesenewgenes.Weexpectedthatmoreandmoreofthesegeneticdiseaseswillbetreatable.”Also,thefactisthatmorethan60percentofeyeproblemsatbirthareonesresultingfromthebaby’sparents!
ThankstodatafromtheInternationalMousePhenotypingConsortium（IMPC）,whichistryingtoworkoutwhateverysinglegeneinamouseisresponsiblefor,withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans,scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofblindness.Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.Thishassofarbeendonemorethan7,000timesandhasachievedgreatsuccess.ResearchersarenowworkingalongsideeyecarecentersinTexasandIowainordertocomparethemice’sgenestothoseofpatients.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。
加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了研究。
研究的成果是解释人类遗传性眼病的关键。
1.Howmanyhereditary-sight-loss-relatedgeneswerenewlyfound?
A.86. B.261. C.300. D.347.
根据第二段Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.可知,他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有关,其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。
即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有:
347-86=261个,故选B。
2.WhyisthepercentageofgeneticeyeproblemsmentionedinParagraph3?
A.Toshowthesignificanceofstudyingmice’sgenes.
B.Toprovemice’sgenesaresimilartohumans’.
C.Towarnthehighrisklevelofsufferingthem.
D.Toexplainhowcommontheyareamongpeople.
由第三段Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25-50percent.可知,研究人员认为,在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。
即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。
3.Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretsofgeneticblindness?
A.Comparehumans’geneswithmice’s.
B.Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans.
C.Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.
D.Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.
由最后一段Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.可知,科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来,然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。
即为了解开基因性失明的秘密,科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。
故选C。
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.NewWaystoCureSightLoss.
B.GenesFoundBehindEyeProblems.
C.GeneticDiseasesDiscoveredinMice.
D.Humans’GenesCausingEyeDiseases.
主旨大意题。
根据文章主要内容:
科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1.flagup 引起……的注意
2.geneticadj.基因的
3.treatableadj.可治疗的
Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25-50percent.
谓语动词believe后接宾语从句,省略了that。
研究人员认为,在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。
B世纪金榜导学号
Hackingisn’tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.
Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.
Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.
Thenewstudyspeduptheprocessbychangingtheplant’sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.
AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyield（产量）mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法,这种方法对提高粮食产量是一个重大突破。
5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.
B.Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.
C.Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.
D.Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.
【解
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