全国研究生考试英语二真题和详细答案解析文档格式.docx

全国研究生考试英语二真题和详细答案解析文档格式.docx

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13 

BMI。

　　Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools。

　　1.[A]denied 

[B]conduced 

[C]doubled 

[D]ensured

　　2.[A]protective 

[B]dangerous 

[C]sufficient 

[D]troublesome

　　3.[A]Instead 

[B]However 

[C]Likewise 

[D]Therefore

　　4.[A]indicator 

[B]objective 

[C]origin 

[D]example

　　5.[A]impact 

[B]relevance 

[C]assistance 

[D]concern

　　6.[A]intermsof 

[B]incaseof 

[C]infavorof 

[D]inof

　　7.[A]measures 

[B]determines 

[C]equals 

[D]modifies

　　8.[A]inessence 

[B]incontrast 

[C]inturn 

[D]inpart

　　9.[A]complicated 

[B]conservative 

[C]variable 

[D]straightforward

　　10.[A]so 

[B]unlike 

[C]since 

[D]unless

　　11.[A]shape 

[B]spirit 

[C]balance 

[D]taste

　　12.[A]start 

[B]quality 

[C]retire 

[D]stay

　　13.[A]strange 

[B]changeable 

[C]normal 

[D]constant

　　14.[A]option 

[B]reason 

[C]opportunity 

[D]tendency

　　15.[A]employed 

[B]pictured 

[C]imitated 

[D]monitored

　　16.[A] 

[B]combined 

[C]settled 

[D]associated

　　17.[A]Even 

[B]Still 

[C]Yet 

[D]Only

　　18.[A]despised 

[B]corrected 

[C]ignored 

[D]grounded

　　19.[A]discussions 

[B]businesses 

[C]policies 

[D]studies

　　20.[A]for 

[B]against 

[C]with 

[D]without

　　SectionII 

ReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton。

　　Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;

regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers。

　　Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"

happinessbangforyourbuck."

Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'

srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession。

　　Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。

　　21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

　　[A]Abighouse 

　　[B]Aspecialtour 

　　[C]Astylishcar 

　　[D]Arichmeal

　　22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis 

　　[A]critical 

　　[B]supportive 

　　[C]sympathetic 

　　[D]ambiguous 

　　23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat 

　　[A]consumersaresometimesirrational 

　　[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality 

　　[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective 

　　[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure 

　　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney 

　　[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism 

　　[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase 

　　[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus 

　　[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement 

　　25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto 

　　[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney 

　　[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries 

　　[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent 

　　[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

　　AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”，or“illusorysuperiority”，andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities。

　　Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff。

　　PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”，saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebook 

therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves。

　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______. 

　　[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

　　[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

　　[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

　　[D]self-enhancingst