na analysis of the catch22 from the perspective of black humor从黑色幽默的角度分析《第二十二条军规Word文件下载.docx

na analysis of the catch22 from the perspective of black humor从黑色幽默的角度分析《第二十二条军规Word文件下载.docx

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学院：

人文社会科学学院

专业班级：

英语07级2班

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从黑色幽默的角度分析《第二十二条军规》

摘要

《第二十二条军规》是当代美国作家约瑟夫﹒海勒的讽刺小说，被认为是黑色幽默的代表作。

该作品发表后，黑色幽默这股文学浪潮才得以兴起。

这部小说主要取材于约瑟夫﹒海勒在空军服役期间的经历，讲述了一个喧闹，荒诞，富有讽刺意味同时又荡气回肠的战争故事。

该小说以二战后期为创作背景，以黑色幽默的角度表现了战争的愚蠢，以一种极致的荒谬而不是对于痛苦和血腥场面的图解般描写的方式揭示了武装冲突的恐怖和毫无意义。

本文阐述了黑色幽默的特点以及黑色幽默的影响，对《第二十二条军规》做了大概描述，并从人物塑造，语言使用，社会环境，结构特点四方面以黑色幽默的视角阐明了世界的荒诞性，旨在为更好的理解该文学作品和黑色幽默的精髓提供启迪。

关键词：

《第二十二条军规》，黑色幽默，荒诞，约瑟连

AnAnalysisoftheCatch-22fromthePerspectiveofBlackHumor

Abstract

Catch-22isasatiricalnovelbythecontemporaryAmericanauthorJosephHeller.Sinceitspublication,theliteraturetrendtowardblackhumorbecomesprevalent.Thenoveldrawsheavilyonhisairforceexperienceandpresentsawarstorythatisatoncehilarious,grotesque,cynicalandstirring.Thenovel,setduringthelatterstageofWorldWarⅡ,presentingthehorriblemeaninglessnessofarmedconflictsthroughakindofdesperateabsurdityratherthanthroughgraphicdepictionsofsufferingandviolence.

Thepaperisgoingtotalkaboutthecharacteristicsofblackhumorandthesignificancesofblackhumor.ThentheauthortalksaboutthegeneralideainJosephHeller’smasterpiecesCatch-22,analysestheabsurdityofworldfromcharacterization,languageuseandsocietyinvolvedintheCatch-22.Thispaperaimstobringenlightenmenttothecomprehensionofthenovelandunderstandingoftheblackhumor.

KeyWords:

Catch-22;

blackhumor;

absurdity;

Yossarian

Tableofcontents

Ⅰ.Introduction1

Ⅱ.LiteratureReview3

A.BlackHumor3

1.CharacteristicofBlackHumor3

2.SignificanceofBlackHumorinAmericanLiterature4

B.TheBackgroundofBlackHumorandCatch-224

C.JosephHellerandHisCatch-225

III.AnalysisoftheBlackHumorinCatch-22fromFourAspects6

A.Characters6

1.CharacteristicsofYossarian6

2.TheSoldierinWhite8

3.CharacteristicsofMilo9

B.SocialCircumstance10

1.TheImpotenceofLanguage10

2.TheAbsolutePowerofBureaucracy11

3.LossofReligiousFaith12

C.SymbolicMeanings13

1.Catch-2213

2.AerialPhotographs14

3.Chocolate-CoveredCotton15

D.StructuralFeature15

Ⅴ.Conclusion16

Bibliography17

AnAnalysisoftheCatch-22fromthe

PerspectiveofBlackHumor

Ⅰ.Introduction

Thenovelofabsurdcanbeexplainedasnovelofblackhumor.SincethepublicationofCatch-22,theliteraturetrendtowardblackhumorbecameprevalent.TheuseofblackhumorinCatch-22isaperfectexampleofitsveryintention.

ThispaperisgoingtodiscussJosephHeller’smasterpieceCatch-22fromtheperspectiveofblackhumor.Inthispaper,theauthorwilltrytodiscusssomerepresentativecharacteristics,socialcircumstances,symbolicmeaningsandthestructurefeatures.Makingreaderscleareroftheblackhumorandmorefamiliarwiththenovelofabsurdwhichusestheperspectiveofblackhumortopresenttheabsurdworld.Afterthereadergraspsitstruemeaning,theycouldnothelpthebittersimile.

Catch-22hasbecomeoneofthedefyingnovelsofthetwentiethcentury.Itpresentsanutterlyunsentimentalvisionofwar,strippingallromanticpretensesawayfromcombat,replacingvisionsofgloryandhonorwithakindofnightmarshcomedyofviolence,bureaucracy,andparadoxicalmadness.Catch-22reliesheavilyonhumortoconveytheinsanityofwar,presentingthehorriblemeaninglessofarmedconflictthroughakindofdesperateabsurdityratherthanthroughgraphicdepictionsofsufferingandviolence.

AfterthepublicationofCatch-22thatHellerasaspecializedwriterisrememberedbytheworld.Thisworkiscalledtheepicinthe1960s.Bydescribinganapparentlycrazyworld,heexposesthecorruptionofAmericansociety,wherethesocialbureaucrats,relatedtocapitalpower,broughtsufferinganddeathtotheordinarypeople.JosephHellerputabnormalpeopleandthingsasnormalinwriting,makingsoincrediblethingsreasonablesothatallthenormalthingsbecomeridiculousandtheabsurdworldisfullofhumor.

ThenovelCatch-22mainlytellsastoryaboutapilotsoldiernamedYossarian.ThisstoryhappensintheWordWarⅡ.Servinginthearmyforalongtime,hegetstiredofit,andwantstogobackhomeawayfromthewarandfromthethreattobekilled.Afterthedeathofhisfriend’sSnowden,Yossarianbeginstobegrounded,tobeanordinarypersonawayfromthecruelworld.Inordertoaccomplishhisdream,hepretendstobeinsane;

tobeillandevenbehavesininsanemanners.Atlast,he,obeyinghisownauthentic-self,refusestoworktogetherwiththeupperofficialanddesertsfromthearmy,indoingso,heturnsbackonthedehumanizingcoldmachineryofthemilitaryrejectstheruleofCatch-22,andstrivesforafutureinwhichhisincontrolofhisownlife.

Oneofthemaingoalsofthispaperistosatirizethedehumanizingmachineryofthewarbyshowingtheirremovablesurvivalimpulseattheheartofeveryindividual.Byconstantlymakingfunofwartimesituationsandbycarryingargumentstotheirextreme,absurdconclusions.Thepapershowstheabsurdoftheworldwithblackhumor.Throughamazeofcharactersandevents.Thispaperexploreswarandbureaucracyandtheireffectsonordinarypeople.

Thispaperaimsatprovokingthereaders’responsetotheblacknessofmodernlifeaslaughter,or,laughinginfaceofatragicsituation.Basedthebackgroundmaterialsandsomeothermaterials,thispaperwilltrytodosomemoreresearchandmakereadersclearerwithblackhumorintheCatch-22.

Ⅱ.LiteratureReview

A.BlackHumor

In2004,professorsYouNanchunandXuLehui,whotaughtintheLiaoningNormalUniversity,publishedthearticlenamed“TheStudyoftheCharacteristicsofBlackHumor”intheJournalofLiaoningNormalUniversity.Inthisarticlewhichintroducedtheblackhumor,inliterature,drama,andfilmusedtoexpresstheabsurdityinsensitivity,paradox,andcrueltyofthemodernworld.Ordinarycharactersorsituationsareusuallyexaggeratedfarbeyondthelimitsofnormalsatireorirony.Blackhumorusesdevicesoftenassociatedwithtragedyandissometimesequatedwithtragicfarce.Theydiscusssomerepresentativecharacteristicsoftheblackhumorandthesignificanceofblackhumor.

1.CharacteristicofBlackHumor

Ifartisthereflectionofreality,thenblackhumornovelistsfirstlyfindoutformlessnessandexaggerationinart.Sincetheworldisincomprehensibleandabsurd,itspresentationiscertainlyillogical,irrational,likemagnificationofamicroscope,orformlessnesstechniqueofmagicalmirror.Thispresentstoustheabnormalphenomenonwhichcannotbeseeninnormalsituation,andleadtotheeffectofabsurdity.

Anotherliterarytechniquethattheblackhumorwritersoftenuseisfunnysatire.Whilepresentingthehumaninridiculousandstrangecondition,itnarrativetoneiscoldandindifferent,andevenwithridiculeandmockery,withatoneofindifferentseemslikethedescriptionofanantique.Itisfulloffun,ridiculeandsatire,thewritermadeagrotesque,horriblejoke,butitisalsoaprovokingjoke.

Fromtheperspectiveofnovel,thetraditionalnovel’scontinuednarrativestructuredisappearedintheblackhumorwriter’sworks.Blackhumorwritersgenerallyfollowedamovefragmentedstructure,oftenwrotethenovelinscatteredfragments.Fragmentationofnarrativestructureandcollectionofspecimensinthemajorfeatureofblackhumorwriters’works.

2.SignificanceofBlackHumorinAmericanLiterature

Aseveryoneknowsthatsocialconsciousnessreflectsthesocialexists,thenovelreflectstherealworldfromsomeperspectives.Inthenovel,thecharactersandplotsareinchaotic,messy,crazyandfragmentedworld.

Intwentiethcentury,robotsbecamemoreandmorelikehuman,butsomepeoplebecamemoreandmorelikerobot.Fromthis,whileblackhumorwritersexposingtheabsurdityandmiseryoflife,thewritersalsoexposedtheever-changinghigh-tech’sdehumanizationofpeoplewithwriter’sconsiderationoftherelationshipbetweenthehigh-techandhuman’slife.Fromthisperspective,thewriterswantedtoarousepeople’sawarenessoftheever-changinghigh-tech.

Inthenovel,thedisasterofdifferentcharacterscausedbythewarcanshowtheprotagonist’swilltoescapefromwar.Inthisway,thewriter’saimofprotestingagainstwarthroughthedescriptionofthedisasterandabsurdityofmilitarygroupcanbeshowninthenovel.Afterreadingthestory,readerswillbedisgustedwiththewar.Sotheaimofstrugglingagainstwarcanbeachievedthoughthereadingandwriting.

B.TheBackgroundofBlackHumorandCatch-22

Sincethe1960s,ithasbeenadisturbingtimeinAmericansocial.Peoplefoundtheboundariesbetweenfactandfictionobscuredornolongerexisting.ThisisaperiodofchangesfortheAmericannovel.Traditionalrealisticnarrativetechniqueswereandchangeswasinevitableinadequateandfalsifyinginpresentinglife.Itwasalreadyhappeningatthattime.The1960sand1970swasaperiodinwhichallpeoplehadcometosensethatabsurdityexistsonallconceivablelevelsoflife,anditwasthe“absurd”novelistswhodiscoveredanewrhetoriceffectiveenoughtovoicethatfeelinginliterature.Thenovelistoftheabsurdtendstocomicallyorexaggeratedlyimitatetraditionalnovelisticdevices.Theyparodyothernovelotherstylesandformsandtakethemwithhighlyambiguousattitudes.Theythoughtthattruthandrealityaremultipledifficulttocapture,anduncertain.

Duringthe1960sand1970s,itwasthosedecadesthatAmericanyouthtrulybegantoque