国际经济学英文版(第八版)章节练习第四章.doc
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InternationalEconomics,8e(Krugman)
6
Chapter4
Resources,ComparativeAdvantage,andIncomeDistribution
1)
Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,aninfluxofworkersfromacrosstheborderwould
A)
movethepointofproductionalongtheproductionpossibilitycurve.
B)
shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutward,andincreasetheproductionofbothgoods.
C)
shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthelabor-intensiveproduct.
D)
shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthecapital-intensiveproduct.
E)
Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
D
2)
Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thetwocountriesdifferin
A)
tastes.
B)
militarycapabilities.
C)
size.
D)
relativeavailabilitiesoffactorsofproduction.
E)
laborproductivities.
Answer:
D
3)
TheHeckscher-OhlinmodeldiffersfromtheRicardianmodelofComparativeAdvantageinthattheformer
A)
hasonlytwocountries.
B)
hasonlytwoproducts.
C)
hastwofactorsofproduction.
D)
hastwoproductionpossibilityfrontiers(oneforeachcountry).
E)
Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
4)
"Agoodcannotbebothland-andlabor-intensive."Discuss.
Answer:
Inatwogood,twofactormodel,suchastheoriginalHeckscher-Ohlinframework,thefactorintensitiesarerelativeintensities.Hence,therelevantstatisticiseitherworkersperacre(oracresperworker);orwageperrentalunit(orrentalperwage).Inordertoillustratethelogicofthestatementabove,letusassumethattheproductionofabroomrequires4workersand1acre.Also,letusassumethattheproductionofonebushelofwheatrequires40workersand80acres.Inthiscasetheacresperpersonrequiredtoproduceabroomisonequarter,whereastoproduceabushelofwheatrequires2acresperperson.Thewheatistherefore(relatively)landintensive,andthebroomis(relatively)laborintensive.
5)
"Nocountryisabundantineverything."Discuss.
Answer:
Theconceptofrelative(country)factorabundanceis(likefactorintensities)arelativeconcept.Whenweidentifyacountryasbeingcapitalintensive,wemeanthatithasmorecapitalperworkerthandoestheothercountry.Ifonecountryhasmorecapitalworkerthananother,itisanarithmeticimpossibilitythatitalsohasmoreworkersperunitcapital.
6)
Refertoabovefigure.CanyouguesswhichgroupofproducersinCountryPmightlobbyagainstfreetrade?
Answer:
InCountryP,theownersoftherelativelyscarcefactorofproductionaretheownersofcapital.Theirrelativeandrealincomeswilldecrease,andsotheymaywellattempttolobbyforprotectionism,whichmaypreventthecountryfrommovingtoafreetradeequilibrium.
AnEconomycanproducegood1usinglaborandcapitalandgood2usinglaborandland.Thetotalsupplyoflaboris100units.Giventhesupplyofcapital,theoutputsofthetwogoodsdependsonlaborinputasfollows:
7)
Refertothetableabove.
(a) Graphtheproductionfunctionsforgood1andgood2
(b) Graphtheproductionpossibilityfrontier.Whyisitcurved?
Answer:
Theproductionpossibilityfrontieriscurvedbecauseofthediminishingreturnsassociatedwiththeexpansionofoutputintheshortrunineachofthetwoindustries.
8)
Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,achangefromautarky(notrade)totradewillbenefittheownersof
A)
capital.
B)
therelativelyabundantfactorofproduction.
C)
therelativelyscarcefactorofproduction.
D)
therelativelyinelasticfactorofproduction.
E)
thefactorofproductionwiththelargestelasticityofsubstitution.
Answer:
B
9)
AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thesourceofcomparativeadvantageisacountry's
A)
technology.
B)
advertising.
C)
humancapital.
D)
factorendowments.
E)
BothAandB.
Answer:
D
10)
TheHechscher-Ohlinmodelstatesthatacountrywillhaveacomparativeadvantageinthegoodorservicewhoseproductionisrelativelyintensiveinthe________withwhichthecountryisrelativelyabundant.
A)
tastes
B)
technology
C)
factorofproduction
D)
opportunitycost
E)
scaleeconomy
Answer:
C
11)
AccordingtotheHecksher-Ohlinmodel,
A)
everyoneautomaticallygainsfromtrade.
B)
thescarcefactornecessarilygainsfromtrade.
C)
thegainerscouldcompensatethelosersandstillretaingains.
D)
acountrygainsifitsexportshaveahighvalueadded.
E)
Noneoftheabove.
Answer:
C
Assumethatonlytwocountries,AandB,exist.
12)
Refertothetableabove.IfgoodSiscapital