拓展训练21 科学与技术2解析版高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作文档格式.docx
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stotalInternetpopulationof854million,accordingtoareportonruralecommercedevelopmentreleasedlastweekbytheChinaInternationalElectronicCommerceCenter.Thathelpedimproveruralonlinesalesinthefirsthalfoftheyearby21%to777.1billionyuan（US$109.6billion）,outpacingthenationalgrowthrateby3.2percentagepoints.
'
However,itisalittlebitearlytosaythatChina'
secommercebattlefieldismovingtoruralChina,'
saidChenTao,asenioranalystatconsultancyAnalysys.Unlikeurbanresidents,mostruralChinesehaven’texperiencedecommerceshopping.Whilethatprovidesonlineplatformswithoneofthelastundevelopedmarketsforecommerce,progresshasbeenslowduetothelackofinfrastructure（基础设施）andlogistics（物流）support.
Toaddressthatproblem,China'
ssecond-largestecommerceoperator,JD.comhiredmoredeliverymenandtesteddrone（无人机）deliveryservicestoimproveserviceinruralChina.AlibabaGroup,China'
slargestecommerceplayer,announcedinAprillastyearthatithadinvestedUS$717millioninHuitongdaNetworkCo.,whichhelpstoboostsalesin15,000townsacross18provinces.
Anotherinhibitingfactorinthedevelopmentofruralecommerceistheincomegap.In2018,annualpercapitadisposableincome（人均可支配收入）inruralareaswas14,600yuan（US$2,065）comparedwith39,300yuan（US$5,559）incities.'
Lowerdisposableincomesinruralareaslimittheconsumption,'
saidanalystChen.'
Italsotakestimetoeducateruralresidentstoacceptecommerceservicesasmostofthemarenewtoonline.ThereisstillalongwaytogotopopularizeonlineshoppinginruralChina.'
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【答案】China'
secommercegiants,JDandAlibaba,arecompetingforruralmarket,asthegrowingruralInternetpopulationboostsonlinesales.（要点1）However,lackingnecessaryinfrastructureandlogisticsupport,ruralChinamarketdevelopsslowly.（要点2）Tohandlethatproblem,relevantmeasuresaretakenrespectivelytopromoteserviceandsales.（要点3）Still,thereremainsmuchtobedone,consideringthelowincomeandthetimeneededtogeneralizeonlineshoppinginruralareas.（要点4）
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。
文章主要讲述了中国的电商巨头京东和阿里巴巴竞争农村市场，以及过程中会遇到的问题。
【详解】
通读全文，我们可以从以下四点对文章进行概括：
随着农村网络的普及促进网上销售，中国的电商巨头京东和阿里巴巴正在竞争农村市场；
然而，由于缺乏必要的基础设施和物流支持，中国农村市场发展缓慢；
针对这一问题，分别采取相应的措施来存进服务和销售；
但，考虑到农村地区的低收入和推广网购的必要性，还有很多工作要做。
故本文可以概括为：
China'
2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
AnExtensionoftheHumanBrain
Otherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies（欠缺），muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI’vecalleda“socialprosthetic（义肢的）system.”Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-toface,andit’scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystem.It’salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgment.
Regardingmemory:
OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon’tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse------IknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoparticularlystrikingwhenI’mwriting;
I‘mnolongercomfortablewritingifI‘mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It’sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.
Regardingjudgment:
TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample,whenI‘mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“newidea”,Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar-andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.
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【答案】Wecanrelyonotherstomakeupforourdeficiencies,whethertheyarementalandemotional.
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecanhaveanotherchoice—Internet,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofsocalled“socialprostheticsystem”,extendingourmemoryandjudgment.
Asformemory,wecandependonitthatInternetcouldprovideuswithinformationweneedquicklyandeasilywhenwedosomeresearch.Meanwhile,astojudgment,Internethelpsusdigintothecoreofdefinitionsandunderstandtheirmeanings,makingourjudgmentclever.
本文是一篇概要写作。
作文要求考生根据原文，简要概括文章要点。
本文主要介绍因特网深入人们的生活，可以在各方面弥补人类的缺陷与不足，文章中主要涉及了记忆和判断两方面。
本题整体难度较大，全文主要使用一般现在时和第一，三人称。
文章的主要结构为总-分。
第一段介绍因特网成为了“socialprosthetic（义肢的）system”的一部分，可以在各方面弥补人类的不足；
第二段主要介绍了因特网在记忆信息方面所起的作用，人们可以非常方便地从网络中得到自己所需要的信息；
第三段主要介绍了网络在让人正确判断方面的巨大作用，它可以让人们找到概念的核心含义，或进行比较筛选，最终做出最为明智的决定。
【点睛】
本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。
时态和人称运用准确，概括内容全面无遗漏。
范文中考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。
尤其是使用了较多的高级词汇，如mentalandemotional、extend等；
尽量运用高级语法结构，如让步状语whethertheyarementalandemotional；
宾语从句Ifeelterriblysorryandashamedofwhatpeopledidtotheanimal等；
非限制性定语从句…,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofsocalled“socialprostheticsystem.以及it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句是真正的宾语Asformemory,wecandependonitthatInternetcouldprovideuswithinformationweneedquicklyandeasilywhenwedosomeresearch.以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Doesyourmemoryfailasyouage?
I’m62yearsold.Likemanyofmyfriends,IforgetnamesthatIusedtobeabletorecalleffortlessly.Whenpackingmysuitcaseforatrip.IwalktothebedroomandbythetimeIgetthere,Idon’trememberwhatIcamefor.Andyetmylong-termmemoriesareperfect.Irememberthenamesofmythird-gradeclassmates,thefirstrecordalbumIbought,myweddingday.
Thisiswidelyunderstoodtobeaclassicproblemofaging.Buttheproblemisnotnecessarilyage-relatedI’vebeenteachingundergraduatesformyentirecareerandIcanprovethateven20-year-oldsmakeshort-termmemoryerrors—loadsofthem.Theywalkintothewrongclassroom;
theyshowuptoexamswithouttherequiredNo.2pencil;
theyforgetsomethingIjustsaidtwominutesbefore.Thesearesimilartothekindsofthings70-year-oldsdo.
Therelevantdifferenceisnotagebutratherhowwedescribetheseevents,thestorieswetellourselvesaboutthem.Twenty-year-oldsdon’tthink,“Ohdear,thismustbeearly-onsetAlzheimer（早老性痴呆症）.”Theythink,“Ireallyneedtogetmorethanfourhoursofsleep.”The70-year-oldsobservethesesameeventsandworryabouttheirbrainhealth.Thisistosaythateveryerrorofshort-termmemorydoesn’tnecessarilyindicateabiologicaldisorder.
Sohowdoweaccountforoursubjectiveexperiencethatolderadultsseemtosearchforwordsandnameswithdifficulty?
First,thereisageneralizedcognitive（认知的）slowingwithage-butgivenalittlemoretime,olderadultsperformjustfine.Second,olderadultshavetosearchthroughmorememoriesthanyoungeradultstofindthefactorpieceofinformationthey’relookingfor.Yourbrainbecomescrowdedwithmemoriesandinformation.It’snotthatyoucan’tremember—youcan—it’sjustthatthereissomuchmoreinformationtosortthrough.
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【答案】Theauthorthinksthatshort-termmemoryfailure,whichbotholdandyoungsufferfrom,isn’tnecessarilyage-related,thoughdifferentagegroupsfinddifferentreasonsforit.Theoldseemtohaveapoorershort-termmemorybecauseofnaturalcognitiveslowingandtoomuchinformationtosearchfor.
本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要讲述老年人和年轻人都会患有的短期记忆障碍，并不一定与年龄有关。
符合概要写作的常规思路：
总结文章的中心思想，并且主要说明了老年人短期记忆较差的原因。
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