深圳沪教牛津八下英语Module 2 Arts and Crafts Unit3TraditionaWord格式.docx
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Although比较正式,常用于句首;
though多用于非正式文体,表示强调。
--TheboycanspeakbothEnglishandJapanese_____heisonlyten.--Wow,whatacleverboy.
AifBbecauseCalthough
3fitadj.健壮的,健康的v.合适,侧重于尺寸,大小合适。
Tokeepfit,sheeatsalotofvegetablesandfruits.
Thiscoatdoesnotfitme.
4upto到达,至多有;
uptonow到现在为止=bynow
Hisstorybooksareupto50.
5setoff出发,动身=setout
Theysetoffatnight.
6get/bereadyfor为......做好准备,beready准备好的.....Bereadytodosth准备做某事
Mothergetsreadyfordinner.
Tomisreadyfortheexam.
Areyouready?
I’mreadytogo.
7tie...around..栓......在......周围
Thegirltiesascarfaroundherneck.
Tieto把......系在......
Hetiedthehorsetoatree.
Tieup系好,捆好
Pleasetieupyoursafetybelt.
8stop...fromdoing阻止.......做......=prevent...from=keep...from
Theheavyrainprevented/keptusfromclimbingthemountain.
9reach&
get&
arrive
Reach及物动词,后直接跟表示地点的名词
GetGetto+地点名词;
gethere/the
ArriveArriveat+小地点;
arrivein+大地点;
可当不及物动词:
Hearrived.
10hang悬挂,吊
悬挂:
hang-hung-hung;
绞死,吊死:
hang-hanged-hanged
11throw短语
Throw...into把......扔进....Throwaway扔掉throwoff匆匆脱掉throwat向......扔去
Hethrewastoneintotheriver.
Throwawaythoseoldnewspapers.
Don'
tthrowoffyourcoat.Itiscoldoutside.
Tomthrewstonesatmydog.
12require&
need
Plantsrequirewateringeveryday.
TheyrequirethatIshouldappear.
Ineedtobuyanewbike.
Theroomneedstobecleaned.
Youneedn'
tcome.
13nomore&
nolonger
Nomore不再
常用来修饰非延续性动词,表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作,多指数量上不再增加,程度不加深。
=not...anymoreNolonger不再相当于not...anylonger,在句中起副词作用,用来修饰延续性动词,指某事从时间上讲以后不再生,其时间不再延续。
Henomorecomes.
Wearenolongerstudents.
Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisn'
tastudentanymore.
14mistake错误
Makeamistake犯错误bymistake错误地,无意中
MistakeAforB把A错认成B
Hemakesalotofmistakesingrammar.
Itookherumbrellabymistake.
IoftenmistakeLucyforLily.
15after&
later
After介词常用于过去时态,after+一段时间表示某段时间后
Require及物动词Requiretobedone;
requiredoing;
requiresbtodo
Need及物动词Needtodo;
needtobedone;
needdoing
情态动词Needdo
Later副词常用于过去时或将来时,一段时间+later
形容词意为“后来的”,修饰名词
Aftertwoyears,hediedinLondon.
TomleftforShanghaitwoweekslater.
16keep短语
Keepsb/sth+形容词:
使......保持......;
keep+形容词:
保持某种状态;
keep(sb)doing:
不停地做某事
Coatswillkeepyouwarm.
Weshouldkeepoutschoolcleanandtidy.
Theshopkeepsopentwelvehoursaday.
Don’tkeeptalking.
17名词+y=形容词
Health(健康)+y=healthy(健康的)luck(幸运)+y=lucky(幸运的)
Ingood/bad/poorhealth健康状况好/不好keephealthy保持健康
Forluck为了吉利;
badluck倒霉goodluck好运
18bemadefrom&
bemadeof
Bemadefrom由......制成;
看不出原材料
Bemadeof由......制成;
看得出原材料
Bemadeupof由......组成
Bemadeinto被制成.....
Bemadein在......制造
Theymadewinefromrice.
Paperismadefromwood.
Thehouseismadeofwood,
Thedollismadeupoffourparts.
19voice&
noise&
sound
Voice嗓音;
指喉咙发出的声音
Noise噪声
Sound泛指一切声音
学习语法:
被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"
被"
、"
受"
给"
等词来表示被动意义。
如:
Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)
Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)
一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)
结构:
主语+be+过去分词
时态:
1.一般现在时:
am(is,are)done.
2.带情态动词的被动语态:
must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone
3.一般过去时:
was(were)done
4.一般将来时:
will(shall)bedone
5.现在进行时:
am(is,are)beingdone
6.现在完成时:
have(has)beendone
例:
Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。
(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。
(被动句)
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:
Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.(publish出版)这本书出版于1981年。
(没有必要或说出出版者)
2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。
ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
三、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.改为:
Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.改为:
Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
歌诀是:
宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
四、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.改为:
Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Wemustfinishthisworksoon.改为:
Thisworkmustbefinishedsoon.
五、主动变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
(1)时态保持一致。
Irepairedmycomputer.改为:
Mycomputerwasrepaired.
(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.改为:
Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.
(3)主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变
Lindagavemeabook.
(双宾语,me为间接宾语,abook为直接宾语)改为:
IwasgivenabookbyLinda.
或者:
AbookwasgiventomebyLinda.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)
(4)主动语态句中动词make,have,let(使sb.做sth.),see.watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等变成被动语态时,后
面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.改为:
Hewasmadetowashthedishes.
(5)有些动词不能用于被动语态,例如takeplace/happen/cometrue/breakout/belongto等。
Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.
(6)感官动词不用于被动语态,例如look/sound/smell/taste等。
Theflowerssmellsweet.Theflowersaresmeltsweet.
当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。
Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。
Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.希望她们会获得成功。
Itisbelievedthat...据信,大家相信Itisknownthat...众所周知
Itissupposedthat...大家认为issuggestedthat...据建议,有人建议
Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住Itistakenforgrantedthat...⋯⋯被认为理所当然
初中英语被动语态专项练习
()1ThePeople'
sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
()6Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()7-I'
dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'
msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'
ssellingC.It'
sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
()12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()13Thesepapers___yet.
havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'
tB.won'
tC.isn'
tD.doesn'
t
()15-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'
ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'
ttheymended?
()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
()17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
tameetingholdB.wasn'
tameetingheldC.wasn'
theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'
theld
()19Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
()20Where___theseboxes
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
()21Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
()26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
()28Thepot___for___hotwater.
A.used;
keepingB.wasused;
keepingC.isused;
tokeepD.areused;
keep
()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.
A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow
()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.
A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt
()31Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.
A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung
()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
()33Theteapot___water.
A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled
()34Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.
A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento
()35Oldpeoplemust___.
A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.