英美文学精华笔记Word文件下载.docx
《英美文学精华笔记Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英美文学精华笔记Word文件下载.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
mandidn’thaverighttothebeautyofthislifebutcouldperfecthimselfandperformwonders
3.文艺复兴文学渊源
4。
英国文艺复兴(15th----17th)religiousreformation:
slowforthedomesticunrest[内乱]
5.宗教改革和影响:
EncouragedbyLutherpreaching,reformersfromnorthernEuropevitalizetheProtestantmovement,whichwasseenasameantorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurch
Thereligiousreformationwasactuallyareflectionoftheclassstrugglewagedbythenewrisingbourgeoisieagainstthefeudal[封建的]classanditsideology[意识形态]
二.英国文艺复兴时文学:
1.伊丽沙白时代的背景2。
意大利对英国文学的影响3。
伊丽沙白时戏剧
4伊丽沙白时的诗歌
三.文艺复兴时的主要作家:
A埃德蒙。
斯宾塞(1552--1599)EdmundSpenser
1.生平:
borninLondon,masterpiece[名著]:
TheFaerieQueene
2。
创作:
*抒情诗[lyrics]
*传奇史诗[仙后]
构思。
情节。
ThepurposeofRedcrosse’squestistofreetheoriginalmankind,theparentsofUna
内容。
主题:
thethemeis“Fiercewarresandfaithfullloves.”Thesceneryisnotclassicalbutromantic
3。
选读
*[仙后]选的内容语言特点:
ThegoodaresubjectscalledFaerieswhoundergothetrailandtribulations,buttheeventsaretoldinromanceinordertoarousewonder.
*斯宾塞的诗节构成及特点
1.aperfectmelody2.araresenseofbeauty3.asplendidimagination4.aloftymoralpurityandseriousnessand5.adedicatedidealism
B.克里斯托夫。
马洛ChristophorMarlowe(1564--1593)
1.生平及创作生涯borninCanterbury,dieinaquarrelat29
2.马洛著名悲剧:
[占木耳大帝]Tamburlaine
[浮士德博士的悲剧]TheTragicofDoctorFaustus(1584,inLondon)
[马耳他的犹太人]TheJewofMalta(1590)
3.马洛的思想艺术成就:
无韵诗体blankverse----戏剧语言的基本形式,被称为themightylines[雄伟诗行]
人物塑造----具有强烈个性和反叛精神主人公individualistic,fullofambition
主题思想----人文主义颂歌thecarolofhumanism
4.选读:
马洛田园诗的主题:
意象
*[浮士德博士的悲剧]选的主要内容:
Faustusisascholarwhohasastrongdesiretoacquireallkindsofknowledge.Heisboredofhispresentstudyandturnstotheblackmagic.
C.威廉。
莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare
1.生平37部戏剧,两首长诗和154首十四行诗37部戏剧
2.创作生涯:
早,中,晚
3.代表作,梗概,情节,人物,语言,思想
[威尼斯商人]TheMerchantofVenice[哈姆雷特]Hamlet[暴风雨]TheTempest
4.诗歌:
叙事诗epic,十四行诗sonnet
5.其戏剧的思想意义:
对社会现实的批判
对人文主义的歌颂
6.莎士比亚的艺术成就
人物塑造neithermerelynortypeones,butareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes
情节结构:
adroit(机智的)plot(情节结构),severalthreadthroughtheplay
语言风格:
indifferentpoeticforms
7.选读:
十四行诗(18)的主题:
Anicesummerdayisusuallytransient,butthebeautyinthepoetrycanlastforever
意象:
Hasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandbroughttheeternalbeautytotheonewhoheloves
[威尼斯商人]选的主题人物性格语言特点:
TopraisethefriendshipofAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,wit,loyaltyandtoexposeinsatiable,brutality,greedoftheJew.Renaissancespiritcanbeseenincontrasttothemedievalemphasis
[哈姆雷特](1601)选的主要内容:
Thethemeisaroundtobeornottobe(生与死)
D.弗兰西斯。
培根FrancisBacon(1561--1626)
1.生平:
awell-knownphilosopherhisEssaysisthefirstexampleofthatgenreinEnglishliterary,whichhasbeenrecognizeasanimportantlandmark
2.作品:
TheAdvanceofLearning,NovumOrganum,NewandOld,TheHistoryoftheReignofHenry7
3.TheAdvanceofLearning的特点:
agreattractoneducation.Book1highlypraisestheknowledge,dividetheknowledgeintotwokinds,oneisobtainedfromDivineRevelation,theotherisfromworkingsofhumanmind.Book2isasurveyoflearningwhichexplaintheimportanceinscholarship.
4.培根的杰出贡献
对科学
[论说文]的重大意义:
选读:
[论说文]结构,内容,语言特点:
OfStudiesisthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.Itanalyzeswhatstudiesserverfor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudiesandhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter.
Forcefulandpersuasive,compactandprecise,OfstudiesrevealsBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning
E.约翰。
邓恩JohnDonne(1572--1631)
1.邓恩与玄学诗派
玄学诗派简介:
Theterm“metaphysicalpoetry”(玄学诗派)iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDone.
主题,语言,意象
2.邓恩的生平
3.创作:
早期爱情与晚期宗教
4选读:
主题语言意象
F.跃翰。
弥尔顿JohnMilton(1608--1674)
BorninLondon,
2.文学创作:
早期诗歌,中期散文,晚期史诗
3.[利西达斯]挽歌及特点:
Thepoembeginswithgriefandafeelingofimmaturity;
thenthegriefisdeepenedbythesenseofirrecoverablelossinthesilencingofayoungpoet.
4.史诗[失乐园]ParadiseLost故事梗概,主题结构,人物塑造,语言风格,作品意义:
ParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis3:
1-24oftheBible.
Thethemeis“FallofMan”,man’sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise,withitsprimecauseSatan
5.[复乐园]ParadiseRegained内容
6.诗剧[力士参孙]SamsonAgonistes的主要内容
7.弥尔顿的散文
8选读史诗[失乐园]选的主要内容人物性格语言特点等
英美文学精华笔记(第二章)
第二章新古典主义时期TheNeoclassicalPeriod(1660--1789)
一.启蒙运动:
(EnlightenmentMovement)
1.时代背景:
In18thcenturyEngland,knownasTheAgeofEnlightenmentorTheAgeofReason.
2.人文观:
Itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas
3.理性准则:
Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Theyheldthatreasonorrationalityshouldbetheonly,thefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtandactivities
二.新古典主义Neoclassicism
1创作意旨:
*ModeledaftertheclassicalworksofancientGreekandRomanwriters
*Believingtheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldjudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity
2.现实主义小说诞生:
(mid-18thcentury)
GivestherepresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople
3.哥特式小说(Gothicnovel)与伤感主义文学兴起:
Gothicnovel---mostmysteryandhorrorwhichtakenplaceinhauntedordilapidatedMiddleAgecastles
Eulogizing(颂扬)orlamenting(哀悼)lyricsbynaturepoets,andbysuchsentimentalists(感伤主义者)asthe“GraveyardSchool”
四.新古典主义时期主要作家
A.约翰。
班扬(JohnBunyan1628--1688)
borninapoorthinker’sinBedfordshire
2.作品风格:
ModeledafterthatoftheEnglishBible.Withhisconcreteandlivinglanguageandcarefullyobservedandvividlypresenteddetails,hemadeitpossibleforthereaderoftheleasteducationtosharethepleasureofreadinghisnovelandtorelivetheexperienceofhischaracters
3.[名利场]内容,寓意
ItspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessandallkindsofsocialevils.
B.亚历山大。
蒲伯(AlexanderPope1688--1744)
1.生平及创作生涯:
*Formedaclubtosatirizeallsortsoffalselearningandpedantry
*WastheoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.
2.时代观与文学观:
Advocatedneoclassicismemphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrulesoforder,reason,logic,restrainedemotion,goodtasteanddecorum.
3.主要作品:
AnEssayonCriticism(论批评),TheRapeoftheLock(夺发记),TheDunciad(群愚史诗),AnEssayonMan(论人类),“EloisatoAbelard”(伊丽亚特)“EpistletoDrArbuthnot”(奥德塞)
4.语言风格
5.[论批评]简介体裁结构语言风格
Adidacticpoemwritteninheroicwritteninheroiccouplets,3部分,744行
C.丹尼尔。
笛福(DanielDefoe1660--1731)
事业和个人活动In1704,foundedTheReview(评论周刊)
2.笛福的社会观:
spokeforandtothemembersofhisclass,gavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymiddleclassandshowedsympathyforthedowntrodden,unfortunatepoor
RobinsonCrusoe(鲁滨逊漂流记)
4.创作特点:
BasedontherealadventureofanAlexanderSelkirk,infactaworkofsheerimagination
5.[鲁滨逊漂流记]简介创作意义:
时代精神写照[inthespiritofthetime]殖民者原形,先锋
D.乔纳森。
斯威夫特(JonathanSwift1667--1745)
1.政治及创作生涯:
Eventoday,heisstillrespectedasanationalheroinIreland.
2人文观:
Althoughintendsnottocondemntoreformandtoimprovehumannatureandhumaninstitutions,thereisoftenanunder-orovertoneofhelplessnessandindignation.
3.[格列佛游记]梗概结构主题:
对英国欧洲现实社会批判
E.亨利。
菲尔丁(HenryFielding1707--1754)
1.生平和戏剧小说创作:
26plays
2.[约瑟夫。
安德鲁]:
Thedominatingqualitiesofthenovelareitsexcellentcharacter-portrayal,timelyentrancesandexits,robustnessoftoneandhilarious,heartyhumor
3.[伟大的乔纳森。
怀尔德]:
(TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat)
Asatiricbiography
4.对英国小说的贡献:
“散文体史诗”
*Thethird-personnarration*retainthegrandepicalformoftheclassicalworksbutatthesametimekeepsfaithfultohisrealisticpresentationofcommonlifeasitis.
5菲尔丁的语言特点:
*Easy,unlabouredandfamiliar,butextremelyvividandvigorous.*Distinguishedbylogicandrhythm,andhisstructurecarefullyplannedtowardsaninevitableending.*lively,dramaticdialoguesandothertheatricaldevice,assuspense,coincidenceandunexpectedness
[汤姆琼斯]梗概人物刻画史诗特征
F.塞缪尔。
约翰逊(SamuelJohnson1709--1784)
1.文学创作生涯
2.主要作品
3.新古典主义文学观及语言风格:
general,Latinate,polysyllabic,long,wellstructured,interwovenwithparallelwordsandphrases
4.对英国语言贡献:
[英语大词典]ADictionaryofTheEnglishLanguage
5.致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信
G.理查德。
比。
谢立丹(RichardBrinsleySheridan1751--1816)
1.谢立丹戏剧创作生涯:
theplayofTheRivals(情敌)andTheSchoolforScandal(造谣学校)
2.戏剧主题:
morality
3.写作技巧:
Hisplotsarewellorganized,hischaracters,eithermajororminor,areallsharplydrawn,andhismanipulationofsuchdevicesasdisguise,mistakenidentityanddramaticironyismasterly.
4.主要作品
5.[造