考研《英语一》答案阅读理解文字版Word格式文档下载.docx

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inciteexcessivethinness"

bypromotingextremedieting.

　　Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupwithimpingingonhealth.That'

sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemselvestohealth-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

　　Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman（andmanymen）thattheyshouldnotletothersbeorbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

　　TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

　　Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreonpearpressureforenforcement.

　　IncontrasttoFrance'

sactions,Denmark'

sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.Thecharter'

smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagen.Fashionweek,whichismenbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

　　Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

　　[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined

　　[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed

　　[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive

　　[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline

　　22.Thephrase"

impingingon"

（Line2Para2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]heighteningthevalueof

　　[B]indicatingthestateof

　　[C]losingfaithin

　　[D]doingharmto

　　23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry

　　[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed

　　[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark

　　[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure

　　[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse

　　24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

　　[A]settingperfectphysicalconditions

　　[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'

character

　　[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

　　[D]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels

　　25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'

sBodyIdeals

　　[B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance

　　[C]JustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty

　　[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

　　Text2

　　Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"

thecountryside"

alongsidetheroyalfamily.ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService（NHS）aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

　　AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave"

thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever"

.Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"

arefreshingair"

.Hill'

spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydon'

tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

　　Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservatives'

planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,

　　evenauthorizing"

off-plan"

buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilentonlyusensingitschance,hassideswiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItscampaigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalconservativeparties.

　　Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhousesfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleareincitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroyedrecentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLandonareaalonewithnointrusionongreenbelts.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat"

housingcrisis"

equals"

concretedmeadows"

ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

　　Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope'

smostcrowedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

　　26.Britain'

spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

　　[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics

　　[B]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily

　　[C]didn'

tstartfilltheShakespeareanage

　　[D]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS

　　27.Accordingtoparagraph2，theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

　　[A]largelyovershadowed

　　[B]properlyprotected

　　[C]effectivelyreinforced

　　[D]graduallydestroyed

　　28.Whichofthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3

　　[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment

　　[B]TheConservativesmayabandon"

building

　　[C]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation

　　[D]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence

　　29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornes'

spreference

　　[A]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralarea

　　[B]stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis

　　[C]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure

　　[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas

　　30.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationof

　　[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain

　　[B]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain

　　[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain

　　[D]thepoliticallifeintoday'

sBritain

　　Text3

　　"

Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness"

wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"

Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."

ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'

spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）policiesasawasteofshareholders'

smoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-act.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.

　　ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"

signal"

thatacompany'

sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'

sproductsasanindirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"

haloeffect"

wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

　　PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.ArecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerican'

sForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）.Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'

sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

　　Thestudyfoundthat，amongprosecutedfirms，thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm'

spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency：

Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

　　Inall,thestudyconc