英语教学法复习题English Teaching MethodologyWord文档格式.docx

英语教学法复习题English Teaching MethodologyWord文档格式.docx

《英语教学法复习题English Teaching MethodologyWord文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语教学法复习题English Teaching MethodologyWord文档格式.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

（7）assessment（评估）;

Thecollectingofinformationofalearner’slearningprogressandachievementoveraperiodoftimeforthepurposeofimprovingteachingandlearning.Notbasedononetestoronetask,noronamarkorgrade.

（8）evaluation;

Thesystematicgatheringofinformationforthepurposeofmakingdecisions（Weiss,1972）.

（9）validity（有效正确）;

Theextenttowhichinferencesmadefromassessmentresultsareappropriate,meaningful,andusefulintermsofthepurposeoftheassessment.Atestmeasureswhatitissupposedtomeasure.

（10）reliability;

Theextenttowhichtheresultscanbeconsideredconsistent（一致的）orstable.

Atestisreliableifitgivesthesameresultswhenitisgivenondifferentoccasionsorwhenitisusedbydifferentpeople.

（12）Washback（反驳作用）;

Theeffectthattestshaveonlearningandteaching.Itcanbebeneficial（positive）ordetrimental（negative）.

（13）Portfolios（学习档案袋）;

Apurposefulcollectionofstudents’workthatdemonstratestostudentsandotherstheirefforts,progress,andachievementsingivenareasoveraperiodoftime（Genesee&

Upshur,1996）.

（14）linguisticcompetence（语言能力）.

Linguisticcompetenceisthesystemoflinguisticknowledgepossessedbynativespeakersofalanguage.Itisincontrasttotheconceptoflinguisticperformance,thewaythelanguagesystemisusedincommunication.

PartIIShort-answerquestionsandDiscussions.

1.GivethedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.

AmericanEnglishisevolvedfromBritishEnglish.Butthedifferencesbetweenthemarenoticeable.

Thedifferencesbetweenthem:

①.Vocabulary

a.PastSimple/PastParticiples

b.Prepositions

②Pronunciation

（1）[æ

]—[ɑ:

]:

（2）[ɑ:

]—[ɔ]:

（3） 

[il]-[l]

（4）[u:

]—[ju:

（5）[i:

]—[ai]:

（6）thesameword

③.Spelling（suffix）拼写（后缀）

④.Grammar语法

（1）Useofpresentperfecttenseandsimplepasttense.现在完成式和一般过去式

（2）Verbagreementandcollectivenouns主谓一致和集合名词

（3）Pasttenseforms.过去时态的形式

Firstofall,thedifferenceisvocabulary.Thefollowingverbshavetwoacceptableformsofthepastsimple/pastparticipleinbothAmericanandBritishEnglish,however,theirregularformisgenerallymorecommoninBritishEnglish（thefirstformofthetwo）andtheregularformismorecommontoAmericanEnglish.

（1）PastSimple/PastParticiples

⏹DreamdreamtORdreamed

⏹LeanleantORleaned

⏹LearnlearntORlearned

⏹SmellsmeltORsmelled

⏹SpellspeltORspelled

⏹SpillspiltORspilled

⏹BurnBurntORburned

（2）Prepositions

⏹AmericanEnglish-ontheweekend

BritishEnglish-attheweekend

⏹AmericanEnglish-onateam

BritishEnglish-inateam

⏹AmericanEnglish-pleasewritemesoon

BritishEnglish-pleasewritetomesoon

Secondary,thedifferenceispronunciation.Sometimesweusuallysoftenordon’treadthevowel（especiallythe[ə]or[i]）intheunstressedsyllableoutinBritishEnglish,whileweshouldreadallvowelsoutintheAmericanEnglish.SoAmericansspeakmoreslowlyandclearlythantheBritishpeople.DifferencesinpronunciationbetweenAmericanEnglish（AmE）andBritishEnglish（BrE）canbedividedinto:

⏹Differencesinaccent（i.e.phonemeinventoryandrealisation）.SeedifferencesbetweenGeneralAmericanandReceivedPronunciationforthestandardaccentsintheUnitedStatesandBritain;

forinformationaboutotheraccentsseeregionalaccentsofEnglishspeakers.

⏹Differencesinthepronunciationofindividualwordsinthelexicon（i.e.phonemedistribution）.Inthisarticle,transcriptionsuseReceivedPronunciation（RP）torepresentBrEandGeneralAmerican（GAm）andtorepresentAmE.

Whentheletter“a”comesbefore-s,-f,-th,-lf,-ph,-n,etc.wepronounce[æ

]inAm.E,while[ɑ:

]inBr.E. 

本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

Whenthevowelletter“o”comesafterastressedclosedsyllableinaplosive,weusuallypronounceit[ɔ]inthestandardBr.E,while[ɑ:

]inAr.E.

Wepronounce[il]or[l]inAr.Ewhile[ail]inBr.Ewhenthewordsendwith–ile.

Americanspronounce[u:

]whileBritishpeople[ju:

]when“u”and“new”comeafter 

n-,d-,t-etc.

Wepronouncethemonogram“ei”[i:

]inAm.Ewhile[ai:

]inBr.E.

（6）Eventhoughthesameword,therearesomepronunciationdifferencesinAm.EandBr.E.

Thirdly,thedifferenceisspelling.IntheUnitedStates’developmentoflanguage,spellinghaveoccurredinasimilarmovementofoursimplifiedcharacters（ThesimplifiedSpellingMovement）,deletethewordspellinginsomeofthelettersarenotpronounced.

（1）Theaphonicsuffixsuchas-me,-ueintheEnglishwordsaredeletedintheAmericanspelling.

⏹Kilogrammekilogram

⏹programmeprogram

⏹cataloguecatalog

⏹dialoguedialog

⏹prologueprolog

（2）Thereare“our”attheendofthewordsandtheaphonicletter“u”isdeletedintheAmericanspelling.

⏹Behaviourbehavior

⏹colourcolor

⏹honourhonor

⏹labourlabor

（3）Thesuffix“re”whichisread[ə]become“er”.

⏹centrecenter

⏹fibrefiber

⏹metremeter

⏹theatretheater

（4）Thesuffix“ence”whichisread[ns]become“ense”.

⏹defencedefense

⏹offenceoffense

⏹licencelicense

⏹pretencepretense

（5）Thesuffix“ise”becomes”ize”.

⏹criticisecriticize

⏹organizeorganize

⏹realiserealize

⏹recogniserecognize

⏹standardisestandardize

（6）Double“L”intheBritishEnglishwordsbecomes“L”intheAmericanEnglishwords

⏹councilorcouncilor

⏹counsellorcounselor

⏹jewellerjeweler

⏹marvellousmarvelous

⏹parcelledparceled

⏹travellingtraveling

（7）Someoneelse.

⏹Chequecheck

⏹Gaoljail

⏹kerbcurb

⏹moustachemustache

⏹ploughplow

⏹pyjamaspajamas

⏹skepticalskeptical

⏹ 

erarerrubber

Fourthly,thedifferenceisgrammar.

（1）Useofpresentperfecttenseandsimplepasttense.

SpeakersofAmericanEnglishgenerallyusethepresentperfecttense（have/has+pastparticiple）farlessthanspeakersofBritishEnglish.InspokenAmericanEnglishitisverycommontousethesimplepasttenseasanalternativeinsituationswherethepresentperfectwouldusuallyhavebeenusedinBritishEnglish.

（2）Verbagreementwithcollectivenouns.InBritishEnglishcollectivenouns,（i.e.nounsreferringtoparticulargroupsofpeopleorthings）,（e.g.staff,government,class,team）canbefollowedbyasingularorpluralverbdependingonwhetherthegroupisthoughtofasoneidea,orasmanyindividuals,e.g.:

Myteamiswinning.Theotherteamisallsittingdown.

InAmericanEnglishcollectivenounsarealwaysfollowedbyasingularverb,soanAmericanwouldusuallysay:

Whichteamislosing?

WhereasinBritishEnglishbothpluralandsingularformsoftheverbarepossible,asin:

Whichteamis/arelosing?

（3）Pasttenseforms.

BelowisatableshowingverbswhichhavedifferentsimplepastandpastparticipleformsinAmericanandBritishEnglish. 

Notethattheirregularpastformsburnt,dreamtandspoiltarepossibleinAmericanEnglish,butlesscommonthantheformsendingin-ed.

infinitive 

simplepast（Br） 

simplepast（Am） 

pastparticiple（Br） 

pastparticiple（Am）

burn 

burned/burnt 

burned/burnt

bust 

busted 

busted

dive 

dived 

dove/dived 

dived

dream 

dreamed/dreamt 

dreamed/dreamt

get 

got 

gotten

lean 

leaned/leant 

leaned 

leaned

learn 

learned/learnt 

learned 

learned

plead 

pleaded 

pleaded/pled 

pleaded/pled

prove 

proved 

proved/proven

saw 

sawed 

sawn 

sawn/sawed

smell 

smelled/smelt 

smelled 

smelled

2.ThecharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish

（1）ReservationoftheancientEnglishfeatures

Itretainsandrevivesmanyofthewordsinthathavealreadybecome"

obsolete"

inBritishEnglish,suchas

“Iguess“，“Ithink”，“Isuppose”，“Ibelieve”.Also，theAmericanEnglishhasreservdmanyvivid,imaginativeancientwords,suchas:

“fall”,meaning"

autumn"

derivingfrom“thefallofleaves（deciduousseason）”.

Inaddition,comparedwithLondonaccent,AmericanEnglishpronunciationisalittleold-fashionedwithsometypicalfeaturesoftheBritishEnglishinthe17thand18thcentury.Forexample,theretentionofretroflexR.

（2）Richcreativity

Createsomenewwordsthatdonotexistatall.

Instances:

pizzazz（时髦派头的人）;

blackhole（黑洞）;

spacewalk（太空行走）;

Basedontheoldwords,itcreatenewwordsbyfreeuseofaffixes,orblending（andinversemethod