全新版大学英语综合教程Book4 unit 1词汇详解Word文档格式.docx
《全新版大学英语综合教程Book4 unit 1词汇详解Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全新版大学英语综合教程Book4 unit 1词汇详解Word文档格式.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
n.aseriesofmilitaryoperationsorplannedactivitieswithaparticularaim
Thegovernmentislaunchingamassivecampaignagainstcorruption.
Thecampaignagainstratsinourcitygotofftoagoodstart.
campaign,battle&
war
这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意
campaign通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连
串有既定目的的军事行动，也可作引申用。
battle强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指
陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间
的争斗。
war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
Directions:
Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
1.ManywarcriminalswereproceededagainstfollowingWorldWarII.
2.TheAmericanpresidentialcampaignlastsforeighteenmonths.
3.Itwasadecisivebattle—wewonthewarbecauseofit.
4.ThePhilippineshadsufferedgrievouslyundertheJapaneseoccupation.Ahighlyeffectiveguerillacampaigncontrolledsixtypercentoftheislands,mostlyjungleandmountainareas.
4.efficient:
adj.workingwell,quicklyandwithoutwaste
Tocutbackonfossilfuels,weshouldbuildmoreefficientcars.
Itisnotefficienttohirepoorlytrainedworkers.
5.conquest:
n.conquering,defeat
HitlerbadlymiscalculatedwhenheassumedtheconquestoftheUSSRwouldbesimple.
Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany.
conquest,triumph&
victory
这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意
conquest指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。
triumph着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。
victory普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的
胜利，强调艰辛与成功。
1.UndertheleadershipoftheParty,wearemarchingfromvictorytovictory.
2.TheYangtzeBridgeisagreattriumphofmoderncivilengineering.
3.Itwasatriumphofhumanintellect,andalsointernationalcooperationandcommunication.
4.Inprocessoftime,Romebecameagreatempirebyconquest
6.retreat:
v.movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty
Afterafiercebattle,thetroopsretreatedsouthward.
Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies:
Whentheenemyadvances,weretreat;
whentheyretreat,wepursue.
retreat的反义词是advance，例如：
toadvanceagainst（on,to,toward）朝…前进
toretreatfrom从…撤退
toretreatto撤退到
7.engage:
vt.
1）beginfightingwithsb.
Thecommanderorderedthesoldierstoengagetheenemyimmediately.Theyengagedtheenemy.
2）drawinto;
involve
Wetriedtoengagehiminourconversation,butinvain.
3）attractsb.’sinterest
Wefailedtoengageanyactivesupportforourproject.
Hisgoodnatureengageseveryone.
4）Occupy
Studyingengagesmostofaseriousstudent’stime.
Workengagesmuchofhertime.
Pattern：
engage（sb.）insth.:
（causeto）takepartinsth.
Theyarecurrentlyengagedinlengthytradenegotiations.
Theteachertriedtoengagetheshyboyinconversation.
engageas使聘为…
engagein从事；
使参加
engagewith与…啮合
8.befacedwith:
havetodealwith
befacedwith:
Wewerefacedwithanexceptionallydifficultsituation.
9.crucial:
adj.veryimportant（followedbyto）
Amazingly,oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthe
crucialfinalgame.
Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery.
crucial,critical&
decisive
这三个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的、紧迫的、重要的”
之意。
crucial意为“决定性的、极重要的”，指对关键性事物不
断增长的缺乏或需求，紧急情况或危急转折关头。
例如：
Wemustpayattentiontothiscrucialtest.
critical意为“决定性的”，与crucial相似，但表示对缺
乏程度更精确的估计。
在转折关头时比crucial表
现出更大的严重性。
例如：
Thepatient’sconditioniscritical.
decisive意思是“决定性的、果断的”，具有重要、特殊
或决定性效果。
Ourairforcesweredecisiveinwinningthewar.
10.takeagamble:
takearisk
Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts,anditpaidoff.
Ithinkshe’stakingagambleinvestingallhermoneyinstocks.
11.presson/ahead:
continuedoingsth.inadeterminedway（usedinthepattern:
presson/ahead（withsth.）
Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform.
Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson.
12.bideone’stime:
waitpatientlyforachance
Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies.
HebidedhistimeuntilHarvardUniversityofferedhimaprofessorship.
13.minus:
prep.belowzero;
madelessby;
slightlylowerthanthemarkstated
Tomorrow’stemperaturewillbeaslowasminustendegreesCentigrade.
20minus10is10.
IgotBminusinthefinalexamination.
minus的反义词是plus（加上）。
3plus6is9.
minus还可以作形容词，意为“负的；
减去的”。
aminusquantity负数；
minuselectricity负电。
此外，minus还可用作名词，意为“负号，减号；
负数”。
14.dragon:
moveslowlyandwitheffort;
continueendlesslyandtediously
Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear.
Howmuchlongeristhemeetinggoingtodragon?
15.atthecostof:
withthelossof
Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostofenvironment.
BillsavedJohnatthecostofhisownlife.
atanycost不惜任何代价
atallcosts不惜一切代价
atnocost不需花代价
16.limp:
1.vi.walkwithdifficulty,esp.whenonefootorlegishurt
Thatdogmustbehurt—it’slimping.
Iinjuredmyankleandhadtolimp.
Helimpedoffthefootballfield.
2.adj.lackingorhavinglostrigidity,asofstructureor
substance;
lackingstrengthorfirmness;
weakorspiritless
alimphandshake
limpopposition
17.catchsb.offguard:
takesb.bysurprise
Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard.
Themanagerdidn’tknowwhattosay.Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard.
18.instruct:
1）giveordersordirectionsto（sb.）
ThefamilyhasinstructedsolicitorstosueThomsonforcompensation.
Theprofessorinstructedusthatwehadonemonthtoconducttheproject.
I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntiltheteacherarrives.
instructsb.todosth.
instructsb.that
instructsb.withquote
2）teach（sb.）
Heinstructedfamilymembersinnursingtechniques.
Theyinstructedmeinthebestwaysofdoingthejob.
Pattern:
instructsb.in/onsth.
instruct,direct&
order
这几个词都是动词，都有“吩咐、命令”之意。
instruct指向人下命令或指示、指导等，还可指交待。
HewasinstructedtorepresenttheGovernment.
Hehasn’tinstructeduswheretogo.
direct一般指上级对下级进行的指示、命令等，对采取
的行动有准确说明。
Theownersdirectedthatthefactorybeclosed.
Theofficerdirectedthemtoadvance.
order是普通用语，往往带有强制性，语气较强。
Heorderedtheenemytolaydowntheirarms.
Thepolicemanorderedthemotoristtostop.
19.render:
vt.cause（sb./sth.）tobeinaspecifiedcondition
（sameasmake）
Thedrugwillrenderthetigerharmlessforuptotwohours.
Hewasrenderedunconsciousbyablowonthebackof
theneck.
Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomeless
bytheearthquake.
renderinto译成（某种语言）
renderup做（祷告）;
放弃,交出
renderblowforblow以牙还牙
rendergoodforevil以德报怨
20.casualty:
n.apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident
Firstreportsofthetrafficaccidenttellofmorethan50casualties.
Theprecisenumberofcasualtiesinyesterday’sbombexplosionisnotknown.
21.bringtoahalt:
stopcompletely
AirtrafficinPolandhadbeenbroughttoahaltbyanairtrafficcontrollers’strike.
Ourjourneywasbroughttoahaltbyastorm.
22.offensive:
1.n.aggressiveaction,attack
TheRedArmybroughtitswinteroffensivetoasuccessfulconclusion.
TheRedArmyledamassivemilitaryoffensive.
launch/mountanoffensive发动进攻
carryout/undertakeanoffensive进攻
ontheoffensive处于攻势
assume/goon/goover/taketheoffensive
Ifallelsefails,I’llgoovertotheoffensive.
2.adj.oforaboutattack;
causingoffense;
unpleasant
Theoffensivetroopsgainedgroundquickly.
Myneighborisreallyanoffensiveperson.Healwaysplaysthepianodeepintothenight.
23.thanksto:
becauseof
Thankstoherfinancialsupport,thetwochildrenintheremotevillagecouldgotoschool.
Thankstotheirtirelessefforts,theperformancewasagreatsuccess.
24.reckon:
v.count;
consider;
think
TheexistenceoftheU.S.isreckonedfromtheDeclarationofIndependence.
Manypeoplereckonhimtobeagreatbasketballplayer.
常用的搭配bereckonedwith意为betakenintoconsideration
Alltheseproblemshadtobereckonedwithastheyarose.
reckon,regard,consider&
count
这几个词都是动词，都有“认为”之意。
reckon用来指对事件全面权衡，在有些非正式的行文中，
也用来表示建议或想法。
后面接宾语从句或复合宾
语（和as连用，但在被动语态中也常不带as）。
Ireckonit’stimetogo.
Theyreckonthebookasoneofhisbestworks.
regard源自法语，意为看、观察，因此，该词更多地通过
对事物外表的评价或视觉感观反映出这一本义。
注
意其后一定要用as。
Heisgenerallyregardedasanauthorityonancientbronzes.
consider表示经过深思熟虑或亲身经历之后而相信或确认。
其宾语后面的补足语可以是名词或形容词。
Iconsiderhimagoodmusician.
Theyalwaysconsideredthemselvesveryimportant.
count表示看法多侧重于一种判断。
注意其宾语后面不用
as。
Aftersuchabadaccidentyoushouldcountyourself
luckyyou’resincealive.
25.toll:
1）thenumberofpeopleoranimalskilledorinjuredin
particularcircumstances
Thedeathtollrosefrom270in1952to5,000in1954.
2）moneypaidfortheuseofabridge,road,etc.
Eachcarmustpayatolltocrossthebridge.
升级会员 