专八写作讲义完整Word格式文档下载.docx
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囊括了重要前沿句型和长句的风格示范，应熟练背诵后学会写长句的感觉。
然后在此基础上写2+1模式。
整体八级突击战术：
请大家在复习阅读、翻译过程中注意背诵和吸收好的词汇、例子和句型，这样和写作结合起来的整体战术对你全面突破八级最为有意义。
“书上有路勤为径”—奋斗100天
常见写作主要问题和错误类型
单词拼写错误；
同义词替换不够，单词过于重复；
句型变化不够；
连词使用过少导致段内逻辑关系不够清晰；
主体论述部分的分论点过于交叉或接近；
不知道如何写中间论述段落，不知道如何展开。
审题不认真（后面我们将通过分析真题解析如何审读题目）
当您写作文时，应注意以下几个方面：
1．使用了正确的语法结构，比方说，动词时态一致、主谓一致、用词准确（尤其是名词、动词、形容词）、冠词错误和介词错误。
2．句式有变化:
定语从句，状语从句，强调句，被动句等优先考虑。
尤其“四大句
型”。
3．使用了一定的词汇量。
4．拼写没有错误。
5．在每段的主题句中都表明了这个段落的中心思想，所有扩展句都紧扣主题。
6．使用了过渡性词语，因而句子之间和段落之间都有逻辑性和条理性。
7．每一段话都得到充分的展开。
8．提供了足够的细节、例子或推理性论据。
9．明确的观点。
10.注意书法；
尽可能不要分字；
写大概10至12个字一行，这样可限制自己字体不会太大，字与字之间的空位也不会太大，而且数字时也比较方便；
尽量选择粗线条的原子笔和蓝色墨水。
心理学来说，较粗的笔迹令人有较深的印象，但不可太粗，而蓝色
令人看得舒服和轻松；
11.审题时候认真思考，不要立即进入写作，找出自己的文章思路非常关键；
12•标点符号绝不能用错，少用感叹号（！
）和问号（？
），注意中英文逗号的区分用
法。
中国学生应学会使用两种标点（破折号+冒号），尤其对主题句有用。
书面语作文错误举例：
a）Lotsofpeoplethinkthattherailwaysaregettingworse.
Agreatnumberof\manybecoming
b）Youcan'
talwaystrustthenumbersinthatreport.cannot
c）Thesecondthingisthatmostkidsinthatdistrictwillbecomecriminals.
Issue\aspect\pointchildren\youngpeople
d）Ithinkthatthere'
sabigriskofmorestrikes,disorderetc.
关于使用Ilarge\major\significantx
e）Regrettably,theinflationinRussialedtoincreasedpoverty,illnessandsoon.death（usually3examples）
f）WhatwerethemaincausesoftheAmericanRevolution?
Don'
tusequestionsinacademicwriting.
［学生例文反例修改］
WhyPeopleAttendCollege
Collegeisaplacewherepeoplecangetknowledgebothinstudyandlife.Inmyopinion,themainreasonwhypeopleattendcollegeisthatstudents'
abilitiescanbeperfectedinthecollege.
〖修改稿〗Get:
obtain,gain,attain,achieve,accomplish,acquire,secure,grasp,receive,realize,earn,reap
Fromthefirstdays\earliestdaysofitsemergenee,collegeisauniversallyacknowledgedworldwherepeoplecangainmuchknowledgeforacademy,careerandlifephilosophy.
Generally,themainreasonswhypeopleattendcollegeincludethedevelopmentofindividualstudy\personalindependentlifestyle,thecultivationofknowledgeandthesuccessfuladaptationtocommunitylife.
原稿分论点1
Firstly,thestudentseducatedincollegewillgetmoreinself-taughtabilities.Whenintheprimaryschooltheywereusedtofollowingtheteachers'
orders,suchas,whatshouldberecordedduringtheclass,whatshouldberecitedafterclassandwhatexercisesshouldbedoneexceptthehomeworks.Allofthisinthecollege,however,shouldbearrangedbythemselves.Howtolearnandhowtolearnwellalldependuponthemselves'
plan.
修改稿
Firstly,studentseducatedincollegewillacquiremoreinself-taughtabilities.Whenintheseniorhighschooltheyusedtofollow\areusedtofollowingtheteachers'
orders,such
aswhatshouldberecordedduringtheclass,whatshouldberecitedafterclassandwhatexercisesshouldbedoneexcepttheirhomework\assignments.（未完继续）
Alloftheseincollege,however\though,havetobearrangedbythemselves.Whattolearnandhowtolearnwellalldependupontheirownacademicplansandschedules.可以进一步扩充为independentlifestyle以区别下一段学习，首段应改为独立生活方式。
原稿分论点2
Secondly,thestudentscanlearnmoreknowledgewhichtheycan'
tgetfrombooks.Therearealotoffamousprofessorsandscholarsinthecollege,whohavealargeamountofknowledgeintheirownfields.Sometimestherearesomespeechestoshowtheirideastoothers,andthestudentswillhavesoluckychancestoenrichtheirbrainsandhearts.Furthermore,bythisway,studentswillbecomemoreintelligent,whichishelpfulintheirfuturejobs.
Secondly,collegestudentscangainmoreaccesstoeducationinknowledgeofallbranches,whichtheyareabletofind\receivefrombooks.Collegeisregardedasasacredintellectualinstitutionfullof\wherestudentsmaycomeacrossoncampusfamous\renownedprofessorsandscholarshitherandthither,whopossess\accumulate\master\boastalargeamountofknowledgeintheirrespectiveresearchareasandfields.（待续）Manyinformativeandinstructivespeechesandforums,moreoftenthannot,areoffered\held\madetothoseyoungsters,whohavesoluckychancestoenrich\refine\expandtheirsoulsandhearts\soulsandbrains\\broadentheirhorizons,opentheirmindsandsharpentheirthoughts.Hence,bythisway,studentswillbecomemoreopen-minded,whichwillbehelpful\beneficial\wholesome\conducivetotheirfuturevocation\career.
原稿分论点3
Thirdly,thestudentscanlearnhowtoliveingroups.Studyingincollegemakesthemhavetofacealotofproblemstogether.Howtosolvethemattersandhowtounderstandothersisanimportantsubjecttolearn.Suchpracticewillhelpthemdevelopabilitiestocommunicatewithothersandstrangersintheirfuturelife.
Thirdly,studentsatuniversitymaylearnbetterhowtoliveingroupstoattainmoresocialexperiences\tofostermoreinteractivepowerinacommunity.Intellectualworkinschoolsandcollegesisreadytoconfrontstudentswithawidevarietyofproblemsineverypossibleway.Forexample,itisanimportantsubjectforeachandeveryfreshmantolearnhowtoovercomedifficultiesandtroublesandhowtoharmoniouslycopewith\livewith\dealwiththeirroommates,classmatesandfriends.（待续）
Moreover\likewise,suchpractices\eventsasparties,clubs,seminarsandsportsactivities\gameswillhelpthemdevelopabilities\capabilitiestocommunicatewithpeoplearoundforalltherestoftheirlife.
原稿结论段
Inaword,studentscannotonlygetnecessaryknowledge,butalsogetmorepracticeoftheirownabilities,whichishelpfulfortheirdevelopment.（原稿共计226字）修改稿结论
Inaword,bygoingtocollege,notonlycanstudentsachieveagoodmajorityofnecessaryknowledge,butalsoobtainmoreopportunitiestofoster\develop\cultivate\bringuptheirspiritualvaluesandinterpersonalcommunicativeskills,thusenhancingtheirpotentialenrichment\betterment\advancementincharacter,careerandsociallife.
（修改稿共计430字；
但本文含很多同义词）书面语实用连词和副词短语:
表次序和时间：
first（ly）,second（ly）,third（ly）,firstofall,next,finally,eventually,meanwhile,gradually,stepbystep,inthefuture,inthepast,recently,currently,firstandforemost,then,lastofall,eventually,lastly,lastbutnotleast,foronething,onetheonehand…ontheotherhand;
before,since,as,until,meanwhile,atthemoment,whenever,assoonas,justas
表程度和附加：
severely,seriously,heavily,strongly,possibly,perhaps,probably,likely,
obviously,apparently,seemingly,unknowingly,maybe,aswell,mayaswell,rarely,hardly,seldom,also,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,besides（书面语中最好少用whatismore）,exceptfor,apartfrom,aswellas,asmentionedabove（earlier）,including表相似或相反:
similarly,inthesameway,aswellas,again,both,neither,although,bethatasitmay,but,eventhough,however,incontrast,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,yet,inspiteof,despite,whereas,inotherwords,itseemsthat,itappearsthat,otherwise,while,whereas,whilst表总结和结束:
toconclude,allinall,inconclusion,tosumup,inaword,inbrief,onthewhole,insummary,byandlarge,ingeneral
表结果、目的和推论：
inorderto（that）,so…that,too…to,sothat,soasto,enoughto,andso,becauseofthis,asaconsequenee,consequently,asaresult,forthisreason,hence,therefore,thereby,so,thus
表强调或更差:
asknowntoall,asweallknow,itisgenerally\publiclyknownthat…,notonly…but（also）,itis…that,aboveall,especially,inparticular,indeed,mostimportantly,themostimportantis…,surely,equallyimportantis…,moreimportantly,morecentrally,worse,makingmattersworse,tomakeitworse,moreworryingly
表举例：
forexample,forinstanee,take…asanexample,onesuchexampleis…,take…asaninstanee,suchas,like…,asNewtonputit,asaproverbsays,asasayinggoes,justas\like,namely,toillustrate;
acaseinpointgoesto…
表表原因或方式：
because（of）,for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,intermsof,inlight
of（=accordingto）inthewaythat…,bymeansof,via,through,by,with（out）,accordingto,leadto,giveriseto,contributeto,attributeatob,conformto,abideby,concerning,asregards,withregardto,inthisregard,thereasonwhy,inotherwords,owingto,asconcerning\s,consideringthat,thanksto,Ameans\causes\incurs'
entails'
precedesB
如何写议论文开头段落
背景发展+当下状况+全文主题句（前二者可以缺少一个）
【骑墙派写法，万不得已才用】
Shoppingispartofeverydaylife.Somegetthenecessitiesfromshopping,othersgetsomethingmore.Itisviewedasawaytoreleasethestress,awaytocompletesomedesireinthemind,orawaytoaddsomeflavortothemechanicalwayoflife.Ingeneral,therearetwotypesofshopping:
traditionalshoppingandon-lineshopping.Bothofthemhavesomemeritsandshortagesrespectively.
【2】Itisuniversallytruethatallparentsintheworldlovetheirchildren.However,asparents'
viewsoflifevarytheyshowtheirloveindifferentways.Generallyspeaking,parentscanbeclassifiedintothreetypes—themonarchtype,theservanttype,andthefriendtype—accordingtotheirdifferentwaysofshowingtheirlove.
【3】Itseemsthatmoreandmorepeople,nowadays,areregardingtestscoresastheprimaryyardstickofastudent'
sperformanee.Nowonderthattheyouthinschools,inordertoobtainexcellentmarks,dotheirutmosttocheatinawiderangeofexaminations.Thisissue,however,deservesthoroughmeditationinthatitresultsinworsteffectsuponstudents'
lear
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