高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练Word文档下载推荐.docx
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thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'
website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmo
relikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'
readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.
Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:
WhyThingsCatchOn.”
【语篇解读】 人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”,类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。
在网络普及的时代,好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。
32.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?
A.Newsreports.
B.Researchpapers.
C.Privatee-mails.
D.Dailyconversations.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia”可知,像“ifitbleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体,故选A。
答案:
33.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?
A.They'
resociallyinactive.
B.They'
regoodattellingstories.
C.They'
reinconsiderateofothers.
D.They'
recarefulwiththeirwords.
推理判断题。
根据第二段“...Youcarealotmorehowtheyreact”可知,你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应,根据本段“Youdon'
twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”可知,你不想被当作一个“DebbieDowner”,说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”,故选C。
C
34.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger'
sresearch?
A.Sportsnews.
B.Sciencearticles.
C.Personalaccounts.
D.Financialreviews.
根据第三段“...articlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles”可知,科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论,故选B。
B
★35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide
B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople
C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes
D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks
标题归纳题。
根据第一段“Bytrackingpeople'
se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.”可知,好消息在网络上传播得更快,影响更深远;
说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播,故选D。
D
全国卷Ⅰ,阅读理解D)
Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;
thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'
sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThai
personsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasign
ofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'
ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?
A.Itimpliesanger.
B.Itpromotesfriendship.
C.Itisculture-specific.
D.Itiscontent-based.
根据文章首段首句“Themeaningofsilencevariseamongculturalgroups”和下文给出的例子可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。
33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?
A.
TheChinese.
B.TheFrench.
C.TheMexicans.
D.TheRussians.
根据第二段可知许多美国本土人,一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。
34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?
A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.
B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.
C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.
D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.
根据末段末句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients...”可知,作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。
故选D。
★35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext
?
A.SoundandSilence
B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent
C.SilencetoNativeAmericans
D.SpeechIsSilver;
SilenceIsGold
文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义,由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。
故选B。
(2015·
广东卷,阅读理解C)(导学号58210009)
DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'
simportanttodistinguishtelevision'
sinfluencesonc
hildrenfromthoseofthefamily.Wetendto
blameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn'
treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren'
sminds.
Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild'
sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.
Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn'
ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;
ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents'
educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild'
sreading.“Achild'
sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads,”Andersonsays.
Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,reasearchsuggeststhatit'
stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou'
resmartyoung,you'
llwatchlessTVwhenyou'
reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.
Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.
【语篇解读】 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。
传统观念认为,看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响,还会让孩子远离阅读。
而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。
36.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn________.
A.imagesthroughwords
B.morethanexplicitmeanings
C.moreaboutimagesthanwords
D.littleaboutpeople'
spsychology
事实细节题。
根据第二段第三句“Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.”可知答案为B项。
37.Aneducationalprogramisbestwatchedbyachild________.
A.onhisown B.withotherkids
C.withhisparentsD.withhisteachers
根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.可以推断出答案为C项。
38.Whichofthef
ollowingismostrelatedtochildren'
sreadingability?
A.Radio-listening.
B.Television-watching.
C.Parents'
readinglist.
D.Parents'
educationalbackground.
根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Thingslikeparents'
sreading.”可知答案为D项。
39.Andersonbelievesthat________.
A.themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterheis
B.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTV
C.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV
D.thelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool
根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“Ifyou'
reolder,”可以推断出答案为C项。
★40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toadviseontheeducationa