北师语言学真题回忆版文档格式.docx

北师语言学真题回忆版文档格式.docx

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老王找到老张，才找到儿子。

Whichsentenceisclearinitsmeaning?

Whichoneisunclear?

Trytoexplainwhy.PointoutsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguage.10points10.Discussthefollowing2sentences,andtellwhywecanassigndifferentvaluestotheyearoffifteen:

10pointsSheisalreadyfifteen,andyetsheiscryingoversuchasmallthing.Shehasdoneitverywell;

Sheisonlyfifteen,youknow.11.Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?

（10points）12.DeterminerPhrase（DP）isthenamenewlygiventotheNPingenerativegrammar.ADPcanbeaformlike 

1）abook;

2）thebook;

3）books;

4）thebook. 

ThisnamemaybebetterthantheoldnameofNPinthatitremindsusofsthwhenwe（Chinesespeakers）learnorteachEnglish.Doyouagreetothis?

Trytotellanythingsignificanthere.（10points）

09年语言学试题

1.definethefollowingphonemes.2.解释下面的概念。

共6个，任选4个。

sememe；

imageschema；

endocentricconstruction；

cohortmodel；

displacementfunctionoflanguage；

foregrounding.3.最简单的一题。

题目给出几个关于lexicalchange的例子。

让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。

teleprinter+exchange---------WTO———WorldTradeOrganization---------bird 

youngbird—anykindofbird--------stump 

thepartofatreetrunkleftprotrudingfromtheground—tochallenge-------temperature后面是这个词的音标注释，课本上有就是loss.phonologicalchange里面的4.好像是从下面三个题目中选两个来解释一下functionsofinflectionalmorphemeandderivationalmorpheme.therelevancetheory5.和第四题有点混。

都是解释给出的题目，从中选择几道。

还有一个关于blendingtheory的问题，具体是什么不记得了，这部分实在看不懂。

thestrongversionandweakversionofsapir-whorfhypothesis.thesystemic-functionalgrammar6.WhentheEnglishmeet,theysay'

it'

safineday'

whilewechinesesay'

haveyoueaten'

.distinguishthedifferenceinfluencedbysociolinguisticfactors.andgivesomeothermoreexamplesplease.7.whatislanguagetransfer?

whataretherolesplayedbylanguagetranfer?

8.whatarethecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence.describethreeofthem.usee.g.ifnecesary.9.definethefollowingterms.summaritiveassessmentandformativeassessmentthebottom-upandtop-downmodelsinteachingreading10.howtodevelopprofessionalcompetenceoflanguageteachingforteachers.

10年语言学试卷

1.definethefollowingsound/d/ 

/j/ 

/i/ 

/^/ 

/shi/

2.definethefollowingitemacronym 

converseantonym 

cohesion

3.givethestructureofSYLLABLE

4.Whatistask-basedlanguageteaching?

givetwoexamplesoftasks

5.whatis"

form-focused"

instruction?

whyistherearenewedcallsforit?

pareandmakeacontrastaboutthefollowingpairs 

cognitivevariablesvsaffectivevariables 

cognitivestrategies 

vsmeta-cognitivestrategies

7.tellaboutthemainideaofChomsky'

s 

transformationalgrammar

8.analysethefollowingdialogueandanswerthequestions"

whereisjohn?

"

hiscarisinfrontofMary'

shouse"

a.whatistheimplicatureinit?

b.namethefeaturesof 

communicationimplicature,tellhowcanwecancelltheimplicatureintheabovedialogue

9.whatismulti-intelligence?

telltheimplicationitgivestothepracticalsecondlanguagelearningandteaching

10.somepeoplethinklearner'

scompetenceofnativelanguageproficiencydeteminesorinfluencehisorhersecondlanguageloearning.doyouagree?

illustrateyourreasons

11.telltherelationshipbetweenSTEM,AFFIXandROOTwithexamples

12.whataredescriptiveandprescriptivemethodologyoflinguistics

13.whatisgrammarawareness?

howtoimprovetheabilityofit?

11年语言学试卷

1.definethefollowingterms（5*5=25points）

（1）displacementof 

language

（2）Distinctivefeatureinphonology（3）cognitivemetaphor（4）foregroundtheoryinliterature（5）PhraseStructureGrammerinTG2.Compareandcontrastthefollowingpairsoftermsinthefieldoflanguagelearningandteaching（3*5=15points）.

（1）"

top-down"

processand"

bottom-up"

process；

（2）"

extroversion"

and"

introversion"

;

（3）"

contentvalidity"

construstvalidity"

intesting;

3.Answerthefollowingquestionbriefly（2*10=20points）

（1）WhatthemainideaofSapir-WhorfHypothesis?

Doyouagreeornot?

（2）Howdoyouunderstandthecohesionandcoherenceofatext?

4.WhatisAcculturationTheory?

Whatimplicationsdoesthistheoryhaveforthepraticeoflanguageteachingandlearning?

（10points）5.Whatarecognitivevariables？

Inwhatwaysdocognitivevariablesfacilitateorconstrainlanguageacquistion?

（10points）6.StatetheCooperativePrincipleandthefourmaximsputforwardbyGrice.whatdidSperberandWilisonaimtodevelopfromGriceintheRelevancetheory（15points）7.ImagineyouhavejustobservedanEnglishlesson.whatcriteriawouldyouliketousetoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthelesson?

Listatleast5itemsandgiveyourreasons（10points）8.IllustratewithexampleswhatFunctionalGrammarinsystemicFunctionalLinguisticis.（15points）9.Somepeopleclaimthatalearner'

scompetenceofhisnativelanguageproficiencywilldetermine,orinfluence,hisorhersecondlanguagelearning.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Giveyourreasonforargument.（15points）10."

Wantingtolearnismoreimportantthanhavingtolearn"

.Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?

HowdoyouapplyitintheEnglishclass?

（15points）

12年语言学试卷

1.Whatisassimilation

velarization,nasalization，dentalization

2.Sixtypesofnounpluralityandlisttheminphonemicdescription（/z/,/s/,/iz/

3.The6propertiesofsentencesubject，citeexamples

4.Whatisreferentialtheory.Tellaboutitsdrawbacks

5.List5typesofimageschema,citeexamples.Explainwhyitisimportant

6.Waysofspeechandthoughtrepresentation

7.Linguisticcorpus,howitappliesin

（1）Speechresearch

（2）Lexicalresearch（3）semanticsresearch（4）sociologicalresearch（5）psychologicalresearch

8.WhataretheRelationalProcessofthetransitivityoftheSystemic-FunctionalGrammar

9.Explainandcommenton“wheninRomedoastheRomansdo"

"

Putyourselfinothershoes"

Oneculture'

smeatisanotherculture'

spoison"

10.conversationalimplicatureonviolationofGricefourmaximsandciteexamples

pareandcontrast

（1）Extrinsicmotivationandintrinsicmotivation"

（2）Itemfacilityanditemdiscriminationintesting'

（3）Quantitativeresearchandqualitativeresearch

12.Whatisportfolioassessment,howtodoaportfolioassessmentandwhatisitsimportance

13.Explaininterlanguagetheoryandwhatwecanlearnfromit.

14.Task-basedapproachinteachingandexplain

（1）taskdesign

（2）teachers'

role（3）students'

role

15.aboutwaysforcontinuedinvestigationbyteachers

13年语言学试卷

1.Definition（4'

*5=20'

）

Sapir-WhorfHypothesis，foregrounding，t-unit，curriculumdevelopment（orsyllabusdesign），contentvalidity

2.describephonesaccordingtomannerofarticulation（题目已给出具体分类）andplaceofarticulation（已给出具体分类），voiced/voiceless.12个音，共5分

3.functionsofderivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,giveexamples（10'

4.cantheobjectsinthefollowingsentencesbecalledobjectsinrealsense?

（1）Johnhuntedatiger

（2）Johnbuiltahouse（3）Johnclimbedamountain（4）JohnlikesMary（5）Johnsmiledasadsmile（6）Johnplaystennis.

plementaryantonyms和converseantonyms

Alive:

deadhusband:

wifepresenrt:

absentbelove:

aboveBefeore:

afterempolyer:

employeeseller:

buyer

6.whatisconstrualincognitivelinguistics?

howmanytypesofconstrualweusuallyhave?

explainandgiveexamples.（ATTENTION;

JUDEJEMANT;

PERSPECTIVE）10'

7.areperformativeandconstativeverbsproposedbyAustinfirstfinallyjudgedacceptableandunacceptable?

why

8.similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenBritishFunctionalAnthropologyrepesentedbyMalinowskiandAmerianAnthropologyrepresentedbyBoasandSapir.

monalitiesanddifferencesbetweeninterpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunctionandphaticcommunion

10.whatissamplinginobservationalclass?

giveexamplestoillustrate

11.Halliday'

sviewinthelanguagedevelopmentismeaningpotential（大概是这样）whatisyourunderstandingofthisview?

whatistheimplicationsforsecondlanguagelearningandteaching?

12.StephenKrashen'

sInputHypothesisandimplicationsforlearninglanguage

13.underlyingtheoriesofCommunicativeApproachtolanguagelearningandmaindimensionsofcommunicativecompetence.

14年语言学试卷

1.Definition

（1）descriptive&

prescriptive

（2）presupposition&

entailment（3）metonymy&

metaphor（4）discrete-pointtest&

integrativetest（5）bilingualism&

diglossia（6）teachingmethod&

teachingmethodology

2.Whatisarbitrariness?

Whatisiconity?

Howtheyarerelated?

Whatdoyouthinkaboutthearbitrarinessandiconity?

3.Explainthewordformationofthefollowingfivewords:

a.Cokeb.brunchc.busd.edite.tofu

4.Whatisassimilationinphonology?

Giveatleastthreecategoriesofassimilation. 

5.Thecooperativeprinciplesandmaxims 

a.Haveyoueverseenjohn?

–no,ifIdenynotseeinghim,Iwouldnottella