马铃薯 Potato文档格式.docx

马铃薯 Potato文档格式.docx

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andcanpresentmorechallengestoourfoodsupplyintermsofsustainability.Moredetailsaboutour10MostControversialWHFoodscanbefoundhere.

Nutrientsin

Potatoes

1.00eachbaked（173.00grams）

Nutrient%DailyValue

vitaminC27.6%

vitaminB627%

potassium26.4%

tryptophan21.8%

manganese19%

fiber15.2%

Calories（160）8%

Thischartgraphicallydetailsthe%DVthataservingofPotatoesprovidesforeachofthenutrientsofwhichitisagood,verygood,orexcellentsourceaccordingtoourFoodRatingSystem.AdditionalinformationabouttheamountofthesenutrientsprovidedbyPotatoescanbefoundintheFoodRatingSystemChart.AlinkthattakesyoutotheIn-DepthNutritionalProfileforPotatoes,featuringinformationover80nutrients,canbefoundundertheFoodRatingSystemChart.

∙HealthBenefits

∙Description

∙History

∙HowtoSelectandStore

∙TipsforPreparingandCooking

∙HowtoEnjoy

∙IndividualConcerns

∙NutritionalProfile

∙References

HealthBenefits

Potatoesareaverypopularfoodsource.Unfortunately,mostpeopleeatpotatoesintheformofgreasyFrenchfriesorpotatochips,andevenbakedpotatoesaretypicallyloadeddownwithfatssuchasbutter,sourcream,meltedcheeseandbaconbits.Suchtreatmentcanmakeevenbakedpotatoesapotentialcontributortoaheartattack.Buttakeawaytheextrafatanddeepfrying,andabakedpotatoisanexceptionallyhealthfullowcalorie,highfiberfoodthatofferssignificantprotectionagainstcardiovasculardiseaseandcancer.

OurfoodrankingsystemqualifiedpotatoesasagoodsourceofvitaminB6,vitaminC,copper,potassium,manganese,anddietaryfiber.

Potatoesalsocontainavarietyofphytonutrientsthathaveantioxidantactivity.Amongtheseimportanthealth-promotingcompoundsarecarotenoids,flavonoids,andcaffeicacid,aswellasuniquetuberstorageproteins,suchaspatatin,whichexhibitactivityagainstfreeradicals.

Potatoes'

PhytochemicalsRivalThoseinBroccoli

reputationasahigh-carb,whitestarchhasremovedthemfromthemealsofmanyaweight-consciouseater,butthisstereotypeisdueforasignificantoverhaul.AnewanalyticalmethoddevelopedbyAgriculturalResearchServiceplantgeneticistRoyNavarrehasidentified60differentkindsofphytochemicalsandvitaminsintheskinsandfleshof100wildandcommerciallygrownpotatoes.AnalysisofRedandNorkotahpotatoesrevealedthatthesespuds'

phenoliccontentrivalsthatofbroccoli,spinachandBrusselssprouts,andincludesflavonoidswithprotectiveactivityagainstcardiovasculardisease,respiratoryproblemsandcertaincancers.Navarre'

steamalsoidentifiedpotatoeswithhighlevelsofvitaminC,folicacid,quercetinandkukoamines.Theselastcompounds,whichhavebloodpressureloweringpotential,haveonlybeenfoundinoneotherplant,Lyciumchinense（a.k.a.,wolfberry/gogiberry）.Howmuchkukoamineisneededforabloodpressureloweringeffectinhumansmustbeassessedbeforeitcanbedeterminedwhetheranaverageportionofpotatoesdeliversenoughtoimpactcardiovascularhealth.Still,potatoes'

phytochemicalprofilesshowit'

stimetoshedtheirstarch-onlyimage;

spuds--baked,steamedorhealthysautÃ

©

edbutnotfriedâ

€"

deserveaplaceinyourhealthywayofeating."

PhytochemicalProfilersInvestigatePotatoBenefits,"

AgriculturalResearch,September2007

Blood-PressureLoweringPotential

UKscientistsattheInstituteforFoodResearchhaveidentifiedbloodpressure-loweringcompoundscalledkukoaminesinpotatoes.PreviouslyonlyfoundinLyciumchinense,anexoticherbalplantwhosebarkisusedtomakeaninfusioninChineseherbalmedicine,kukoamineswerefoundinpotatoesusinganewtypeofresearchcalledmetabolomics.

Untilnow,whenanalyzingaplant'

scomposition,scientistshadtoknowwhattheywereseekingandcouldtypicallylookfor30orsoknowncompounds.Now,metabolomictechniquesenableresearcherstofindtheunexpectedbyanalyzingthe100soreven1000sofsmallmoleculesproducedbyanorganism.

"

Potatoeshavebeencultivatedforthousandsofyears,andwethoughttraditionalcropswereprettywellunderstood,"

saidIFRfoodscientistDrFredMellon,"

butthissurprisefindingshowsthateventhemostfamiliaroffoodsmightconcealahoardofhealth-promotingchemicals."

AnothergoodreasontocenteryourdietaroundtheWorld'

sHealthiestFoods!

Inadditiontopotatoes,researcherslookedattomatoessincetheybelongtothesameplantfamily--Solanaceae--asLyciumchinense.Metabolomicassaysalsodetectedkukoaminecompoundsintomatoes.

TheIFRscientistsfoundhigherlevelsofkukoaminesandrelatedcompoundsthansomeoftheothercompoundsinpotatoesthathavealonghistoryofscientificinvestigation.However,becausetheywerepreviouslyonlynotedinLyciumchinense,kukoamineshavebeenlittlestudied.Researchersarenowdeterminingtheirstabilityduringcookinganddoseresponse（howmuchofthesecompoundsareneededtoimpacthealth）.

VitaminB6--BuildingYourCells

IfonlyforitshighconcentrationofvitaminB6--acupofbakedpotatocontains21.0%ofthedailyvalueforthisimportantnutrient--thepotatoearnshighmarksasahealth-promotingfood.

VitaminB6isinvolvedinmorethan100enzymaticreactions.Enzymesareproteinsthathelpchemicalreactionstakeplace,sovitaminB6isactivevirtuallyeverywhereinthebody.Manyofthebuildingblocksofprotein,aminoacids,requireB6fortheirsynthesis,asdothenucleicacidsusedinthecreationofourDNA.Becauseaminoandnucleicacidsaresuchcriticalpartsofnewcellformation,vitaminB6isessentialfortheformationofvirtuallyallnewcellsinthebody.Heme（theproteincenterofourredbloodcells）andphospholipids（cellmembranecomponentsthatenablemessagingbetweencells）alsodependonvitaminB6fortheircreation.

VitaminB6--BrainCellandNervousSystemActivity

VitaminB6playsnumerousrolesinournervoussystem,manyofwhichinvolveneurological（braincell）activity.B6isnecessaryforthecreationofamines,atypeofmessagingmoleculeorneurotransmitterthatthenervoussystemreliesontotransmitmessagesfromonenervetothenext.Someoftheamine-derivedneurotransmittersthatrequirevitaminB6fortheirproductionareserotonin,alackofwhichislinkedtodepression;

melatonin,thehormoneneededforagoodnight'

ssleep;

epinephrineandnorepinephrine,hormonesthathelpusrespondtostress;

andGABA,whichisneededfornormalbrainfunction.

VitaminB6--CardiovascularProtection

VitaminB6playsanothercriticallyimportantroleinmethylation,achemicalprocessinwhichmethylgroupsaretransferredfromonemoleculetoanother.Manyessentialchemicaleventsinthebodyaremadepossiblebymethylation,forexample,genescanbeswitchedonandturnedoffinthisway.Thisisparticularlyimportantincancerpreventionsinceoneofthegenesthatcanbeswitchedonandoffisthetumorsuppressorgene,p53.Anotherwaythatmethylationhelpspreventcancerisbyattachingmethylgroupstotoxicsubstancestomakethemlesstoxicandencouragetheireliminationfromthebody.

Methylationisalsoimportanttocardiovascularhealth.Methylationchangesapotentiallydangerousmoleculecalledhomocysteineintoother,benignsubstances.Sincehomocysteinecandirectlydamagebloodvesselwallsgreatlyincreasingtheprogressionofatherosclerosis,highhomocysteinelevelsareassociatedwithasignificantlyincreasedriskforheartattackandstroke.EatingfoodsrichinvitaminB6canhelpkeephomocysteinelevelslow.Inaddition,dietshighinvitaminB6-richfoodsareassociatedwithoveralllowerratesofheartdisease,evenwhenhomocysteinelevelsarenormal,mostlikelybecauseofalltheotherbeneficialactivitiesofthisenergeticBvitamin.

Asinglebakedpotatowillalsoprovideyouwith11.7%ofthedailyvalueforfiber,butrememberthefiberinpotatoesismostlyintheirskin.Ifyouwantthecholesterol-lowering,coloncancerpreventing,andbowelsupportiveeffectsoffiber,besuretoeatthepotato'

sflavorfulskinaswellasitscreamycenter.

VitaminB6--AthleticPerformance

VitaminB6isalsonecessaryforthebreakdownofglycogen,theforminwhichsugarisstoredinourmusclecellsandliver,sothisvitaminisakeyplayerinathleticperformanceandendurance.

Description

Whetheritismashed,bakedormadeintoFrenchfries,manypeopleoftenthinkofthepotatoasacomfortfood.Thissentimentprobablyinspiredthepotato'

sscientificname,Solanumtuberosum,sincesolanumisderivedfromaLatinwordmeaning"

so