全国大学英语四级考试历年真题含答案Word文档格式.docx
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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyentitledHowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.
很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行
2.你对网络依赖症的看法
HowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet
___________________________________________________________________________________________
PartIIReadingComprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TimeOfffromWorkGainsinImportance
Americanworkersaresayingtheyneedabreak.Astheirnumberofhoursclockedonthejobhascrepthigher,moretimeoffhasbecomeabiggerpriority.Inthepastfewyears,humanresourcesexpertssaytimeoffhasconsistentlyplacedamongthetopthreeemployeeconcerns,alongwithcompensationandstaffinglevels,whereasitusedtobefartherdownthelist.InaSpolltakenonlineinNovember2004,39%ofworkerssaidifgiventhechoice,theywouldchoosetimeoffovertheequivalentinadditionalbasesalary.Ofcourse,mostofthe4,600respondentsarestilloptingforthebiggerpaycheck,butthedesirefortimeoffisupalmost20%fromjustthreeyearsagowhenSconductedasimilarpoll.
Thereasonsforthisshiftaremanyandvaried.Somehavetodowiththewayanewgenerationisthinkingaboutwork,whileothersaredrivenbyhowcompaniesarerespondingtorecenteconomicpressures.
ANewGeneration
Theresultsmayinpartrepresenttheneedsofanewbreedofworkers.TheaverageAmericanisworkingonemonth(160hours)moreeachyearthanagenerationago.AccordingtorecruitingandhumancapitalmanagementexpertJohnSumser,youngerworkersworkformeaningfirstandmoneysecond.Hegoesontowarnemployersthatthesearethepeoplewhoarethefoundationforthenextworkforceandtheymaynotbuytheexistingparadigm(范例).Astudyreleasedinlate2004bytheNewYork-basedFamiliesandWorkInstituteconcludesthatthenewbrandofyoungworkersisrejectingthework-centricstyleoftheirparents’generation.Thestudy,whichexamineschangesintheworkforceoverthepast25years,foundthatyoungerworkersaremorelikelytobe“family-centric”or“dual-centric”(withequalprioritiesonbothcareerandfamily)ratherthan“work-centric”whencomparedtomembersoftheBoomerGeneration.
September11thandtheEndoftheRoaringNineties
TheimpactoftheterroristattacksofSeptember11thcutacrossallagegroupsoftheworkforce.Wecollectivelyenteredanewera,reevaluatinglife’sprioritiesandmakingchangesinourattitudetowardtimespentatworkversushobbiesandfamily.“Istartedlookingatthingscompletelydifferently.I’vebeenfarlesswillingtoputinthe14-hourdaysnecessarytogetnoticedandclimbthecorporateladder,”saidTonyJackson,a43-year-oldemployeeofaNewYorkCity-basedfinancialservicescompany.“Frankly,Ican’tseethatchanging.”
EvenbeforeSeptember11th,someexpertssaytheslowshiftinworkerattitudeswasalreadyunderwayduetotheendoftheroaring1990’s,whenhourswerelongandsignificantpersonalwealthwascreated.Forthosewhofaredwellfinancially,someoptedforcareersofcontractworkwheretheycouldcallmoreoftheshotspertainingto(与……有关的)timeoff,ornewoccupationswithgreaterpersonalrewards.Forothers,eveniftheirbankaccountswerenotspillingoverfromAmerica’seconomicheyday(全盛时期),theirownenergyhadbeendepletedduetounrelenting(毫不松懈的)yearsofworkhoursandhighstress.Theywerereadyforsomethinglesstaxing.
FamiliesandWorkInstitutePresidentandco-founderEllenGalinskyagrees.ShesaystheSpollnumbersshowevidenceofanincreaseinneedfortimeoffandashiftinthinkingduetothefactthatworkershavebeenpushedtotheirlimitinrecentyears.“Thisnewgenerationofworkersisattheedgeofhowlongtheycanwork.Itjustfeelsliketoomuch.Theyarenotslackers(懒虫);
theyjustdon’twantmore,”saysGalinsky.
MonetaryNeedsLessIntenseDuetoDualIncomeHouseholds
“We’vedecidedweprefertohavemoretimetoourselves,”saysCarolKornhaber,aNewEnglandsoftwareprogrammerinherlatetwenties.Kornhaberandherhusbandarebothworkingbuthavesoughtoutjobswheretheyarenotpressedtoputinlonghours.Instead,theyhaveinsisteduponeight-hourdaysandhavingenoughvacationtimetotravel,amajorinteresttheyshare.Financialpressuresareeasedbybothofthemworkingandkeepingacarefulwatchontheirexpenses.“Weareluckyinalotofwaystohavefoundbosseswhounderstandourneeds.”
Burnout
Tryingtosqueezemoreproductivityoutofworkersmaybenothingnew,butithasbecomeparticularlyacuteinrecentyears.Thishasbeendueinlargemeasuretorecession-inducedlayoffsandothertrendssuchastherisingcostofhealthcarebenefits.Afteralayoff,workerswhoremainbehindareoftenaskedtopickupmostorevenalltheloadofthepeoplewhowereletgo,requiringmoreandmorehoursattheoffice.Asnewcorporateinitiativesareplanned,theinverseisalsotrue.AsSumserobserves,“theadditionalworkload,whichrunsacrosstheeconomyfromtheofficeworkertothemanufacturingline,seemstobeafunctionofthecostofbenefits.Theregulationsmakeitcheapertoaddworkloadforexistingemployeesthantohirenewplayers.”TheFamiliesandWorkInstitutereportsthatnearlyonethirdofU.S.employeesoftenorveryoftenfeeloverworkedoroverwhelmedbyhowmuchworktheyhavetodo.Nearlythreeoutoffourreportthattheyfrequentlydreamaboutdoingsomethingdifferentfromtheircurrentjob.
ShowMetheMoney
Overworkedornot,themajorityintheSpollstillchosetofattentheirpaycheckifgiventhechoice.Formany,itwasapracticalmatter.SaysPeggyJones,anaccountantinaBostonareabusinessservicescompany,“IalreadygetthreeweeksayearthatIcan’tuseupbecauseI’msobusy.I’ddefinitelygofortheextramoneytopaysomebillsormakeabigpurchaseI’vebeenholdingoffon.”ForJones,therealitiesofrunningahouseholdandsavingupforcollegeforherchildrensimplyneedtotakeprecedenceoverextrafreetime.
CompaniesAreAlreadyResponding
Tomanyhumanresourcesexpertsitisinevitablethat,giventhegrowinghealthoftheeconomyandtheupcomingpopulation-drivenlaborshortagesastheBoomerGenerationmovesintoretirement,thependulumofcontrolintheemployee-employerrelationshipwillswingbacktotheemployeeside.Thatisexpectedtobegininjustafewyears.Accordingtohumanresourcesexpert,LarrySchumer,atS,“sincemostcompaniessucceedbasedonamotivatedandcapableworkforce,theyhaveofferedandwillcontinuetooffermorepaidflexibility,whetheritbethroughtriedandtestedtime-offprogramsorthenextgreatidea.”Wherewillthatnewbalanceofemployerversusemployeeneedslie?
Time,orperhapstimeoff,surelywilltell.
1.Whichofthefollowinghasbeenrisinginimportanceinthepastfewyears?
A)Compensation.B)Timeoff.C)Righttovote.D)Staffinglevels.
2.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthattheBoomerGenerationisconcerned________.
A)aboutfamilyandworkequallyB)moreaboutwork
C)moreaboutfamilyD)aboutneitherworknorfamily
3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTonyJackson?
A)Heis43yearsold.
B)Heworksinafinancialservicescompany.
C)Hehaschangedhislifeandworkattitude.
D)Hespends14hoursadayonhiswork.
4.WhendidAmericanworkersgraduallybegintochangetheirattitudestowardswork?
A)AfterSeptember11.B)InNovember2004.
C)Inlate2004.D)Attheendoftheroaring1990’s.
5.AccordingtoEllenGalinsky,whydidworkerschangetheirmindaboutwork?
A)Theyhavebeenpushedtothelimitoftheirworkinghours.
B)Theyincreasedtheirneedtoenjoylife.
C)Theyhavemorerightsthanbefore.
D)Theydon’twanttoworkforaliving.
6.CarolKornhaberandherhusbanddon’thavetoomuchfinancialpressurebecause___________.
A)theyhaveparentswhoarerich
B)theydon’thavechildrentofeed
C)theybothhaveahighsalary
D)theybothhaveworkandtheyarethrifty
7.Afteralayoff,theemployeeswhokeeptheirjobsusuallyhaveto___________.
A)findanotherjobincasetheyarefired
B)dowhattheirbossestellthemto
C)worklongerhourstoavoidbeingfired
D)dotheworkleftbythelaid-offworkers
8.AccordingtoS,comparedwiththreeyearsago,thedesirefortimeoffisupalmost________________________.
9.AccordingtothepollfromS,themajorityofemployeespreferredto________________________iftheyhadthechoice.
10.LarrySchumersaidthatmostcompaniessucceededbasedonamotivatedandcapable__________________________.
PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.
B)Shewaspopularamongboys.
C)Shewassomewhatoverweight.
D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.
12.A)Attheairpo