科技英语之2常用概念的英译1文档格式.docx
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Themachineincludestwoplasticparts.IncludeHold,have
●Hold“装有”、“盛有”、“容纳有”、“包含有”，常用于科技上。
●Sea-waterholdsmanysaltsinsolution.“溶有”Thebatteryholdsenoughelectricity.Have“有”。
Arectanglehasfoursides..
Thenewmethodshasthemostremarkableadvantages.
●Bemadeupof侧重于强调“人为的组成”。
Cast-ironismadeupofaboutsixdifferentsubstances.Thecontentsofmouldingsand（造型砂）ismadeupofquartz,feldsparandmica（云母）.
●Beof表示抽象概念的“有”。
Enginesareoftwokinds,internal-combustionenginesandexternal-combustionengines.
●Therebe句型表示“有”，”存在”Thereare13speciesand1000varietiesormoreofChinesepearswhichhavebeenclassifiedintoorientalpear.
●Show“表现出”Thispapershowedagreatpracticality.这篇论文有极大的实用性。
●Undergo“经历”，“发生”，有时可翻译成“有”
●Since1976,thisresearchcenterhasundergoneradicalchanges.
●其它
Withallhisachievementheremainsmodestandprudent.他虽有很多成就，但还是谦虚谨慎。
.2“用”，“采用”的常见译法
●译法：
usemakeuseofadoptapplyharnessutilize
ExploitemployUse表示“为某目的而使用某物”，常用于指“使用”、“消费”；
Largequantitiesofsteamareusedbymodernindustryinthegenerationofpower.
Athermometerisusedtoreadtemperature.
Gasolinehasbeenusedup.
Employ“雇佣”、“使从事于”、“使用”，无“消费”之意。
Differentmethodsareusuallyemployedforweldingsteelsheetstogether.
Modernboilerwhichemployssolidfuelsareusuallytoolargetobehandstocked.使用固体燃料的新式锅炉通常太大，不适宜用人工添煤。
●Exploit“开发”、“利用”、“发挥”、“剥削”，多用于自然资源，如
exploitamine开矿exploitthefullpoweroftheengine开足马力
Itwillbedifficulttoexploitthisinventioncommercially.
Thegovernmentdecidedtoexploittherichnaturalresourcesinthenorth-westofourcountry
●Utilize“利用”Thepropertiesofuraniumareutilizedinnuclearreactions.Thewaterwhichisnormallyusedasacoolantcannotusuallybeutilizedintheboiler,andcanthereforebere-circulated.
Themodulationiswhattheradioreceiverutilizestoreproducetheradioprogramfromthebroadcastingstation.
●Adopt“采用（手段、方法、技术等）”
Variousmeasurescanbeadoptedtocontroltheenvironmentpollution.
Thefarmersadoptednewtechniquesinraisingsilkworms.
Thedesignersadoptedamoreadvancedmaterialfortheairplaneengine.
●Apply“施加”，“应用”
Thiskindofsalvecanbeappliedtowound.这种膏药可以用于敷伤口。
Apressureof100b/in2isappliedtothepiston.在活塞上加100镑/平方英寸的压力。
Theprinciplewassuccessfullyappliedtothedesignofrocket.
●Harness“利用”
●Inthenearfuture,peoplewillbeabletoharnessthelimitlesssolarenergytoprovidepowerforus.
than……moreadj.than…lessthan…as…as…notas…as…notso…,as…notsuch…as…justas…,so…
A比B…A不如B…A象B一样…A不如B那样…
比较Steelismuchmoreexpensivethancast-iron.
或Steelisamuchmoreexpensivematerialthancast-iron.
或Castironisnotquitesuchanexpensivematerialassteel.
或Cast-ironisnotsoexpensiveassteel.
比较Cast-ironisalmostasusefulassteel.或Cast-ironisalmostasusefulamaterialassteel.Justasplanetsmoveroundthesun,soelectronsmoveroundthenucleus.比较Electromagneticwavestravelasfastaslight.
Sounddoesnottravelsofastaslight.
D.C.motorsaremoreeasilycontrolledthanA.C.motors.
与…相同Bethesameas…Bethesamein..Besimilar
Beidenticalwith…Beidenticalin…与…相同
与…相似，与…不同
●besimilarto…
●belike…
●bealikein…
●与…相似
●与…不同
Same,similar,identical
●same指“数量”“方式”“种类”“性质”等方面的“相同”“无异”
●similar指事物之间“相象”“类似”
●identical指事物之间“完全等同”“同一性”
similarto
●Thismachineisliketheotheroneindesign.
●Thetwomachinesarealikeinmanyaspects.
●Thetwomachinesarethesameindesign.
●Thismachineisthesameasthe
otheroneindesign.
similar
identical
identicalwith
例句
●Thiscarisidenticalwiththeother
●oneineveryaspect.
●=Thiscarisexactlythesameastheotheroneineveryaspect.
●Eachatomnormallyhasthesamenumberofelectrons,revolvingaboutthenucleusasithasprotons.
Becauseallthewavesofalaserbeamtravelinthesamedirection,thelaserbeamisverynarrow.
●Inalmosteveryaspectana.c.motorissimilarinconstructiontoad.c.motor.
●Theycitedcasesofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomeswhodevelopedverydifferentcharacteristicsdespiteidenticalheredity.
他们举出这个事实：
在不同家庭抚养的一对孪生儿，尽管其遗传性相同，却会发展成显著不同的个性。
Identical
●Identical在表示某事物与另一事物相同或相等时，有三种表达方式：
●XandYareidentical.
●Xisidenticalwith/toY.
Two（ormore）thingsareidentical.
Identical,different
例如：
Eachoftheproductsisidenticalinshape.
Theproductsareidenticalinshape.
Theshapesoftheproductsareidentical.
例：
AisdifferentfromB.
AdiffersfromB.
与…比较
●Compare
●Comparewith
●Compareto
Contrast
用于比较相类似的或同种类中的东西，可以指出其相似点，也可指出其不同点。
“与…比较”“比得上”“可与…相比”“与…相比”
“把…比作”
“对比”“对照”，用于对不同或不同种类的东西的对比，强调差别，即差别较大。
Comparedwith/to…
Ascomparedwith…
Incomparisonwith…
Contrastwith…
Incontrastwith…
●与…比较
Compare例句
●Experimentalresultsobtainedinthelaboratoryarecomparedwiththeoreticalcalculations.
●Howdoesthiscomparewiththat?
这怎么能与那相比。
●Theoutputofthefactoryhasincreasedby20percentascomparedwithlastyear.
Contrast例句
●Blueandyellowcontrastprettilyinadesign.
●Incontrasttothemechanismsofconductionandconvection,radiationmaytakeplaceinaperfectvacuum.
图样中，蓝色和黄色形成对照，显得很好看
与传导和对流的原理不同，辐射可以在完全真空中进行。
●Thecoldweathercontrastswithlastweek’sheat.
●Howdoeslivinginashedcontrastwithlivinginanapartment?
本周的寒冷天气同上周的暖和天气形成对比。
住在窝棚里怎么能跟住在公寓里相比呢？
表示“相反”的表达式
●ConverselyratherInsteadButHoweverStillYetInfact
●NeverthelessWhileWhilstWhereasOntheonehand
●OntheotherhandIncontrastBycontrastOnthecontrary
与……一致
●Agreewith…Accordwith…Coincidewith…Beinagreementwith…
●Beinaccordwith…Beinconformitywith…Beconsistentwith…
对比句型
●当两个式是需要对比时，常用表示对比
●的词或句型
●Insufficientairwillpreventcompletecombustionwhile/whereastoomuchairwillreducethetemperature.
While/Whereasthetrafficdensityontheroadisveryhighduringthepeakhours,itisverylowatmiddayandduringthenight.
对比句
●Askilledcraftsmancanearnhighwages.Ontheotherhandanunskilledworkerearnsverylittle.
●Ifyouweretosaythattheinsidesofthegasolineenginewehavejustbeendescribingarecomplicated,youwouldberight.Ithaspistons（活塞）,connectingrods（连杆）,valves（气阀）,valvelifters（阀杆）,andnumerousotherparts.Incontrast,theturbineengineisrathersimple.
●Arun-downwatchisstillawatchandcanberewound.Aoldwatch,bycontrast,becomessowornandunreliablethatiteventuallyisnotworthmending.
停了的表，上了发条以后能继续使用。
对比起来，一只旧表磨损的非常厉害，变得非常不可靠，最后连修也不值得了。
2.4举例子的表达方法
●2.4.1“实例”的表达方法
●事例实例样例
例证
●词：
●example,illustration,instance,case,sample,specimen
Example
●标本，范例，例子，可指人或物
●Icouldgivealargenumberofexampleswithinmyownexperiencetoprovetothefulltruthofmycontention.
●Themostcommonexampleofamachineelementisagear.
ThisbuildingisanexampleofearlyChinesearchitecture.
Instance
●事例，实例，样品，场合等
●Forinstance
●Forexample
●Therearemanyinstanceaboutfriction.
Inmanyinstances,theyprovideanswerspreviouslyunobtainableoreconomicallyunfeasible.在许多场合，他们提供的答案都是以前得不到的或是经济上不可行的。
举实例以说明
从许多事物中举出一个事物为例
Case
事例，案例，情形，所遇到的事实，病例，强调的主要是事实，有时可与instance互换，如inyourcase→inyourinstance.在你这种情形下
●Incaseslikethefollowing，…
●Thisisacivilcase.民事案件
●Recently,therehavebeenfourcasesoffire.四场火灾
●Acaseinpoint恰当的例子
Illustration
●通过事例说明某一理论或原理，也有插图、图例、例证、说明
●Hegaveanillustrationofwhathemeant.
●Thisillustrationgaveanadequatepictureoftheimportanceoffriction.
Sample、specimen、pattern
●Sample特指足以表示物体性质的“样品”、“样例”
●Specimen“样品”、“标本”、“抽样”、“试样”
●Pattern“样块”、图样”、“式样”、“花样”
●Todetectgases,asampleofaircanbeanalyzedchemically.
●Hecollectedspecimensofallkindsof
rocksandminerals.
●Allthesampleweldsprovedtobestrongerthantheparentmetal.
●Determinethevolumeofyourspecimenbymeasuringtheappropriatedimensions.
●Thenewmethodoffersapotentiallysimplermeansofproducingthesmallmetalpatterns.
2.4.2举例方法
引出例子的词或词组：
●as,like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,such…as…
●LanguagescomingfromLatin,suchasFrench,Italian,andSpanishhavesomecharactersincommon.
●或SuchlanguagescomingfromLatinasFrench,Italian,andSpanishhavesomecharactersincommon.
举例子
●Acupuncture（
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