宾语从句讲解Word格式.docx
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eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'
llgoonthepinic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.
eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.
Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?
c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.
(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;
引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'
sthematter\wrongwithyou?
特殊情况:
:
当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+doyouthink+陈述句语序。
3.宾语从句时态
a.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。
例如:
Doyouknow(if/whetherhehasseenthefilm)?
b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。
Ididn'
tknow(if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.)
注意:
当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。
Hesaid(thattheearthmovesroundthesun.)
Theteachertoldus(thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.)
4.、人称的变化和标点的使用
a.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;
如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;
如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
“MayIuseyourknife?
”Heaskedme.
→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;
主句是疑问句,用问号。
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
二、宾语从句的转化
1.2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.
→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”。
Idon'
tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'
tknowwhichsweatertobuy.
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?
4.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.
→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
时态的呼应也叫时态的一致,是指在复合句中,某些从句(主要是宾语从句等名词性从句)的时态常受主句时态的影响,因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。
(1)主句是现在时态或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。
Hesayshisfatheris/was/willbeateacher.他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个教师。
Theywilltellyouthattheyareliving/lived/willlive/havelivedinshanghai.他们会告诉你他们正住在上海/在上海住过/将住在上海/一直住在上海。
(2)主句是过去时态时,从句的时态要注意下列几点:
A.从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。
Ithoughthestudiedhard.我认为他学习努力。
HetoldmehissonwaswatchingTV.他告诉我他儿子在看电视。
B.从句动作发生在主句动作之后,从句须用过去将来时。
Hesaidhewouldposttheletter.他说他将要寄这封信。
TheydidnotknowwhentheywouldgototheGreatWall.他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。
C.从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。
Hesaidhehadpostedtheletter。
他说已经把信发了。
TheyaskedmewhetherIhadbeentherebefore.他们问我以前去没去过那里。
但是,如果从句有具体的过去时间状语,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。
Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1960.她告诉我她哥哥1960年去世的。
Theysaidtheycheckedeverythingyesterday.他们说昨天他们全部检查过了。
另外,从句说的是一般真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearthisround.老师告诉学生们地球是圆的。
Somebodytoldmeyouareawriter.有人告诉我你是个作家。
除了宾语从句外,其他名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)一般也要遵守这种时态呼应的规律。
而状语从句和定语从句则是根据本身意思的需要选用适当的时态。
Hesawtheboywhosemotherisourteacher.他见过那个他妈妈是我们老师的男孩。
Itwasnotsohotyesterdayasitistoday.昨天没有今天这样热。
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
21.Didyouhear______?
A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay
22.Canyoutellme________?
A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouin
C.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass
23.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?
---Certainly.
A.whencanIgettothestationB.Icangettowhichstation
C.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation
24.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday?
A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent
25.Tomaskedme________.
A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswas
C.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas
26.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______?
A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstation
C.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis
27.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______.
A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive
28.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______.
A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives
C.whereishelivingD.helivesthere
29.---Canyoutellme______?
---Yes,helivesinasmalltown.
A.wherehelivesB.whoissingingC.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid
30.Haveyoudecided______forLondon?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleave
C.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing
31.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme______ourtickets?
A.wheredoweshowB.whereshallweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow
32.---Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?
---Weareallinterestedin______.
A.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.HoweggfriesD.howdoeseggfry
33.Doyouknow_______?
A.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenameisit
34.Doyouknow_______?
A.whosebookisthisB.whosebookthisisC.thisbookiswhoseD.who’sbookthisis
35.Idon’tknow______now.
A.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat
36.Doesheknow______?
A.what’syournameB.whatnameisyourC.whatyourisnameD.whatyournameis
37.Doyouknow______?
A.whichfloorhelivesB.whichfloorheliveson
C.helivesonwhichfloorD.whichfloordoesheliveson
38.Tellmewhere____?
A.isthehospitalB.thehospitalisC.ishospitalD.hospitalis
39.Hehasn’tdecided_______.
A.ifhe’llgoonatriptoWuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxi
C.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi
40.Canyousee________?
A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat
能力提高练习
1.Idon'
tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'
lltellyou.
A.if;
WhetherB.whether;
WhetherC.if;
ThatD.if;
If
2.Idon'
tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'
llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainle