往复泵外文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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*****RATION*****RING*****GPISTONPUMPSFOROIL*****ION

B.S.Zakharov,1G.N.Sharikov,2andE.G.Kormishin2

Thethree-plungeracidtreatmentpumpSIN32andthetwo-cylinderdouble-actingpumpNPTs-32withfourworkingchambers（forcementingunits）havebeenupdatedtocontrolpumpdelivery.Thefluiddeliverydiagramsforpumpsofvariousdesignsareexaminedandthetestresultsarereported.

Indrillingandoilproduction,single-actingthree-plunger（triplex）pumpsordouble-actingtwo-cylinder（duplex）pumpsareused.Ininjectingreagents（claydrillingmud,water,cement,acid,etc.）intowells,dependingonthetechnologyapplied，itisrequiredtoinjectthefluidinamountsrangingfromthemaximumtotheminimuminasingleoperation.Ifthebedacceptstheinjectedfluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytomaximizepumpdeliveryforquickcompletionoftheoperation.Ifontheotherhand,thebeddoesnotacceptthefluidwell,itbecomesnecessarytoreducepumpdeliverysoastorestricttheinjectionpressuretothesafelimit.Atpresent,becauseofwearofwell（down-hole）equipment,thepermissibleinjectionpressureisnothigherthan10–15MPa..Thedeliveryofapiston（reciprocating）oraplunger（displacement）typeofpumpcanbecontrolledinthefollowingways:

-byinstallingseveralpumpswithidenticalordifferentpumpingcapacities;

-bychangingthedriverotationspeed;

-byusingcylinders（plungers）oftherequiredsize;

-bychannelingapartofthefluidintoabypass;

and-bydismountingoneorseveralvalves.Thefirstversionisusedessentiallyindrilling.Inoilproduction,generallyallversionsareusedeitherindividuallyorinsomecombination.Allpumpingunitsdesignedforinjectionofvariousfluids（fluidalmaterials）forcementing,hydraulicformationfracturing,hydraulicsand-jetflushingofsandbridges,andotherflushingoperationsinoilandgaswellsaremountedonthechassisofmotorvehicles（trucks）,tractors,caterpillar（tracked）carriers,andspeciallymadecarriages.Theoperatingparametersofthepumps（deliveryandinjectionpressure）dependonthepowerofthedriveandmaximumandminimumspeedoftheengineandthepump.Thepumpdeliverycanbechangedbychangingthenumberofpumpstrokeswithoutstoppingtheenginewiththehelpofagearbox（bygearshifting）andwithstoppingoftheenginebyinstallingcylindersoftherequiredsize.Replacementofthecylinderstakesalotoftimeandisnotalwayspossibleinacontinuousechnologicalprocess.Intheexistingpumpingplants,thedeliveryvariationrangeisinadequate.Attheminimumrotationspeedandcylinderdiameter,thedeliveryremainsextremelyhigh,andforinjectingthefluidintothebedthepressurehastoberaisedabovewhatispermissible.

AssignedbyNGDUZainskneft’,É

kogermetcarriedoutupdatingoftwotypesofpumps,namely,SIN32andNPTs-32.Inthethree-plunger（triplex）acidtreatmentpumpSIN32,forreducingtheminimumdeliverydownto1.0m3/h,plungershavingadiameterof125mmwerereplacedwithplungershavingadiameterof55mm.Asaresult,thetheoreticalpumpdeliverywasreducedfrom16downto3.3m3/h.Furtherreductionofthepumpdeliverywasachievedbyreducingtherotationspeedofthevehicleenginetothepossibleminimum（500–600rpm）.Simultaneouslywiththis,anewdesignofpackingglands（sealingdevices）ofplungersoftheUPN55typewasdeveloped.ItwasbasedonZakharovmechanicalseal,whichdemonstratedhighreliabilityanddurabilityinsucker-rod（oil）pumps.Thesealingunitsandthepistonswithadiameterof55mmweremadefortheSIN32pumpbyÉ

LKAMneftemashinPerm.ItsfinishingandtestingweredonebyÉ

kogermetjointlywithNGDUZainskneft’.ThedesignoftheUPN55-typeplungersealisshowninFig.1.Thecombinedsealconsistsofthemainthreestagemechanicalseal4andanelasticsealingcollar2.Eachstageofthemechanicalsealconsistsoftenringsthatareelasticallypressedagainsteachotherandsimultaneouslyagainsttheplungersurface.Theringsarepressedagainsttheplungerinpairsfromtheoppositesides.Thenextpairisturnedrelativetotheprecedingoneby90º

.Theringsarepressedintheaxialdirectionbyrubberringsofroundcrosssectionandintheradialdirection,byrubbergirdleswitheccentriccollars.Theplunger5ismadeofsteel45andischromium-platedandthesealingringsareofbronze.Threecartridgeswithmechanicalsealswereinstalledinthehousingbore3withaclearancethathelpsself-centeringofthesealsrelativetotheplunger.Thecartridgesarepressedtogetherbyaroundnut1throughabushingwiththesealingcollar2.Thereareholesinthehousingforinjectingoilanddrainingouttheoverflowintothereceiving（suction）lineofthepump.Incontrasttothewell-knownelasticglands,themechanicalsealdoesnotrequireperiodicadjustmentsandensuresreliableoperationoftheassemblyoveralongperiod.UseoftheupdatedSIN32pumphavingaUPN55typeofmechanicalplungersealsconfirmedthattheproposeddesignoperationallyfit.FromAugustthroughDecember20XX年,NGDUZainskneft’carriedoutsevenbottom-holetreatments（BHT）ofsixwellsusingtheupdatedSIN32pump.Differenttypesoftechnologicaloperationswerecarriedoutinthewells:

mudacidBHT,muriatic（hydrochloric）acidBHT,injectionofthereagentsSNPKh-9021,*****,andRMD,forwhichSIN32andATs-32pumpingunitsweregenerallyused.Ifacidoranyotherreagentcouldnotbeforcedthrough（injected）at12–15MPapressure,alow-capacityunitwasconnectedwiththeSIN32pump.Inthatcase,theinjectionpressuredroppedby2–4MPa。

Injectionwascompletedatthethird-gearspeedoftheengine.

TheNGDUtechnologistsbelievethatconnectingalow-deliveryunitwithanSIN32pumpoffersthefollowingadvantages:

-possibilityforcontinuousinjectionofacidsandreagentsincaseoflowintakecapacityofthebedandforpreventionofopeningupofthefractures（hydraulicfracturing）ofthecollectorandexcessiveriseinflowstringtestingpressure;

-extendedoperatinglifeoftheflowstringbyvirtueofpressurestabilizationduringinjection;

and-actionoftheacidthroughouttheperforationperiodandmorecompletereactionwiththerockwhentheacidinfiltratesthebed.SincethemaximallypossibledeliveryoftheSIN32pumpisreducedatleastfivefold,NGDUZainskneft’proposedtoperformallBHTsbyinjectingacidsintothebedwiththeaidofalow-capacityunitandallotheroperations,withastandardunit.Inthatcase,however,itwouldbenecessarytoplaceinthewell,insteadofone,twounits,whichhavetobehandled，bytwoteams,i.e.,itwillentailadditionalmanpowerandcosts.Moreover,alow-capacityunitisnotalwaysfullyutilized（doesnotoperatetofullcapacity）andoftenstalls.Thus,foraspecificsizeofthecylinderitisnecessarytoreducethepumpdeliverydowntotheminimumand,consequently,tobroadentherangeofcontrolofthepumpcapacitytowarditsreductionwhilemaintainingmaximallypossibledelivery.Inmultichamberpumps,thisissueisresolvedbyshuttingdown（disengaging）oneorseveralworkingchambers.Induplexplungerpumps,disengagingoneortwochamberswillcausesignificantlyunevendelivery,hydraulicshocks,disruptionofthebalanceofloadsonthedrive,andfailureofthepump.Indouble-actingtwo-cylinder（duplex）pumpshavingfourworkingchambersoftheNPTs-32（9T）type,whichareinstalled,forexample,inATs-32cementingunits,thedeliverycanbereducedbydisengagingtworodchambers,whichisachievedbyremovingtwodelivery（pressure）valves（Fig.2）.ThedeliveryoftheNPTs-32typeofpump（duplex）havingfourchambersisQ=2（2F–ƒ）Sn,whereFisthecross-sectionalareaofthecylinderwithadiameterDc,dm2;

ƒisthecross-sectionalareaoftherodwithadiameterdr,dm2;

Sisthestrokelength,dm;

andnisthenumberofdoublestrokesperminute.Ifthedelivery（pressure）valvesareremovedfromtherodchambers,thefour-chamberpumpturnsintoatwo-chamberonewithdifferentiallyactingcylinders.ThedeliveryofsuchapumpQ1=2FSn.

Ifthevalvesfromthefrontchambersareremoved,thepumpdeliverycanbedeterminedbytheequationQ2=2（F–ƒ）Sn.Reductionofdeliverybydisengagingtherear（rod）chambersdependsonthefactork1=（2–ƒ/F）andbydisengagingthefrontchambers,onthefactork2=[2+ƒ/（F–ƒ）].Itcanbereadilyseenthatforreducingdeliverythefrontchambershavetobedisengaged.However,theoryandpracticeshowthatdisengagementoftherodchambersismoreadvisable.Thus,inNPTs-32typeofpumphavingcylindersof90,100,115,and127mmdiameterandrodsof45mmdiameterthedeliverycanbereduced1.75–1.87timesbyremovingthevalvesfromtherodchambers.Atlowloads（pressuredropnotmorethan15MPaandminimaldelivery）,theengineofthemotorvehicleKrAZ-250canrunsteadilyatarotationspeedof550rpm.Inthesecondgearwithminimumenginerotationspeed,thedeliveryofapumpwithacylinderof90mmdiametercanbereduceddownto1.0m3/h.UnliketheSIN32pump,thedeliveryoftheNPTs-32pumpcanbecontrolledduringthetechnologicaloperationandreducingorraisingthedeliverycanchangethepumpoutput.Removalandinstallationoftwovalvesdonottaketoolong.Letusseehowtheuniformityofpumpdeliverywillchangeuponremovalofthevalves.Itiswellknownthattheinstantaneousoutputofasingle-cylindersingle-actingpumpisq=Frsiná

=0.5FSsiná

whereristheradiusofthecrankandá

isthecrankshaft-turningangle.Theratioofthemaximuminstantaneousdeliverytotheaver