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FulltextoftheCopenhagenAccord

TheHeadsState,HeadsofGovernment,Ministers,andotherheadsofdelegationpresentattheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference2009inCopenhagen,

各国领导人、政府首脑、官员以及其他出席本次在哥本哈根举行的联合国2009年气候变化会议的代表:

InpursuitoftheultimateobjectiveoftheConventionasstatedinitsArticle2,

BeingguidedbytheprinciplesandprovisionsoftheConvention,

NotingtheresultsofworkdonebythetwoAdhocWorkingGroups,

Endorsingdecisionx/CP.15ontheAdhocWorkingGrouponLong-termCooperativeActionanddecisionx/CMP.5thatrequeststheAdhocWorkingGrouponFurtherCommitmentsofAnnexIPartiesundertheKyotoProtocoltocontinueitswork,HaveagreedonthisCopenhagenAccordwhichisoperationalimmediately.

为最终达成本协议第二款所述的会议目标,在会议原则和愿景的指引下,考虑到两个特别工作组的工作成果,我们同意特别工作组关于长期合作行动的x/CP.15号决议,以及继续按照特别工作组x/CMP.5号决议要求,履行附录I根据《京都议定书》列出的各方义务。

我们同意此哥本哈根协议,并立即开始执行。

1.Weunderlinethatclimatechangeisoneofthegreatestchallengesofourtime.Weemphasizeourstrongpoliticalwilltourgentlycombatclimatechangeinaccordancewiththeprincipleofcommonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesandrespectivecapabilities.ToachievetheultimateobjectiveoftheConventiontostabilizegreenhousegasconcentrationintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem,weshall,recognizingthescientificviewthattheincreaseinglobaltemperatureshouldbebelow2degreesCelsius,onthebasisofequityandinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment,enhanceourlong-termcooperativeactiontocombatclimatechange.Werecognizethecriticalimpactsofclimatechangeandthepotentialimpactsofresponsemeasuresoncountriesparticularlyvulnerabletoitsadverseeffectsandstresstheneedtoestablish

acomprehensiveadaptationprogrammeincludinginternationalsupport.

1.我们强调,气候变化是我们当今面临的最重大挑战之一。

我们强调对抗气候变化的强烈政治意愿,以及“共同但区别的责任”原则。

为最终达成最终的会议目标,稳定温室气体在大气中的浓度以及防止全球气候继续恶化,我们必须在认识到每年全球气候升幅不应超过2摄氏度的科学观点后,在公正和可持续发展的基础上,加强长期合作以对抗气候变化。

我们认识到气候变化的重大影响,以及对一些受害尤其严重的国家的应对措施的潜在影响,并强调建立一个全面的应对计划并争取国际支持的重要性。

2.Weagreethatdeepcutsinglobalemissionsarerequiredaccordingtoscience,andasdocumentedbytheIPCCFourthAssessmentReportwithaviewtoreduceglobal

emissionssoastoholdtheincreaseinglobaltemperaturebelow2degreesCelsius,andtakeactiontomeetthisobjectiveconsistentwithscienceandonthebasisofequity.Weshouldcooperateinachievingthepeakingofglobalandnationalemissionsassoonaspossible,recognizingthatthetimeframe.forpeakingwillbelongerindevelopingcountriesandbearinginmindthatsocialandeconomicdevelopmentandpovertyeradicationarethefirstandoverridingprioritiesofdevelopingcountriesandthatalow-emissiondevelopmentstrategyisindispensabletosustainabledevelopment.

2.我们同意,从科学角度出发,必须大幅度减少全球碳排放,并应当依照IPCC第四次评估报告所述愿景,将每年全球气温升幅控制在2摄氏度以下,并在公平的基础上行动起来以达成上述基于科学研究的目标。

我们应该合作起来以尽快实现全球和各国碳排放峰值,我们认识到发展中国家碳排放达到峰值的时间框架可能较长,并且认为社会和经济发展以及消除贫困对于发展中国家来说仍然是首要的以及更为重要的目标,不过低碳排放的发展战略对可持续发展而言是必不可少的。

3.Adaptationtotheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeandthepotentialimpactsofresponsemeasuresisachallengefacedbyallcountries.EnhancedactionandinternationalcooperationonadaptationisurgentlyrequiredtoensuretheimplementationoftheConventionbyenablingandsupportingtheimplementationofadaptationactionsaimedatreducingvulnerabilityandbuildingresilienceindevelopingcountries,especiallyinthosethatareparticularlyvulnerable,especiallyleastdevelopedcountries,smallislanddevelopingStatesandAfrica.Weagreethatdevelopedcountriesshallprovideadequate,predictableandsustainablefinancialresources,technologyandcapacity-buildingtosupporttheimplementationofadaptationactionindevelopingcountries.

3.所有国家均面临气候变化的负面影响,为此应当支持并实行旨在降低发展中国家受害程度并加强其应对能力的行动,尤其是最不发达国家和位于小岛屿的发展中国家以及非洲国家,我们认为发达国家应当提供充足的、可预测的和持续的资金资源、技术以及经验,以支持发展中国家实行对抗气候变化举措。

4.AnnexIPartiescommittoimplementindividuallyorjointlythequantifiedeconomywideemissionstargetsfor2020,tobesubmittedintheformatgiveninAppendixIbyAnnexIPartiestothesecretariatby31January2010forcompilationinanINFdocument.AnnexIPartiesthatarePartytotheKyotoProtocolwilltherebyfurtherstrengthentheemissionsreductionsinitiatedbytheKyotoProtocol.Deliveryofreductionsandfinancingbydevelopedcountrieswillbemeasured,reportedandverifiedinaccordancewithexistingandanyfurtherguidelinesadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties,andwillensurethataccountingofsuchtargetsandfinanceisrigorous,robustandtransparent.

4.附录I各缔约方将在2010年1月31日之前向秘书处提交经济层面量化的2020年排放目标,并承诺单独或者联合执行这些目标。

这些目标的格式如附录I所示。

附录I国家中,属于《京都议定书》缔约方的都将进一步加强该议定书提出的碳减排。

碳减排和发达国家的资金援助的衡量、报告和核实工作,都将根据现存的或者缔约方大会所采纳的任何进一步的方针进行,并将确保这些目标和融资的计算是严格、健全、透明的。

5.Non-AnnexIPartiestotheConventionwillimplementmitigationactions,includingthosetobesubmittedtothesecretariatbynon-AnnexIPartiesintheformatgiveninAppendixIIby31January2010,forcompilationinanINFdocument,consistentwithArticle4.1andArticle4.7andinthecontextofsustainabledevelopment.LeastdevelopedcountriesandsmallislanddevelopingStatesmayundertakeactionsvoluntarilyandonthebasisofsupport.MitigationactionssubsequentlytakenandenvisagedbyNon-AnnexIParties,includingnationalinventoryreports,shallbecommunicatedthroughnationalcommunicationsconsistentwithArticle12.1（b）everytwoyearsonthebasisofguidelinestobeadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties.ThosemitigationactionsinnationalcommunicationsorotherwisecommunicatedtotheSecretariatwillbeaddedtothelistinappendixII.MitigationactionstakenbyNon-AnnexIPartieswillbesubjecttotheirdomesticmeasurement,reportingandverificationtheresultofwhichwillbereportedthroughtheirnationalcommunicationseverytwoyears.Non-AnnexIPartieswillcommunicateinformationontheimplementationoftheiractionsthroughNationalCommunications,withprovisionsforinternationalconsultationsandanalysisunderclearlydefinedguidelinesthatwillensurethatnationalsovereigntyisrespected.Nationallyappropriatemitigationactionsseekinginternationalsupportwillberecordedinaregistryalongwithrelevanttechnology,financeandcapacitybuildingsupport.ThoseactionssupportedwillbeaddedtothelistinappendixII.Thesesupportednationallyappropriatemitigationactionswillbesubjecttointernationalmeasurement,reportingandverificationinaccordancewithguidelinesadoptedbytheConferenceoftheParties.

5.附录I非缔约方将根据第四条第一款和第四条第七款、在可持续发展的情况下实行延缓气候变化举措,包括在2010年1月31日之前按照附录II所列格式向秘书处递交的举措。

最不发达国家及小岛屿发展中国家可以在得到扶持的情况下,自愿采取行动。

附录I非缔约方采取的和计划采取的减排措施应根据第十二条第一款（b）,以缔约方大会采纳的方针为前提,每两年通过国家间沟通来交流。

这些通过国家间沟通或者向秘书处报告的减排措施将被添加进附录II的列表中。

附录I非缔约方采取的减排措施将需要对每两年通过国家间沟通进行报告结果在国内进行衡量、报告和审核。

附录I非缔约方将根据那些将确保国家主权得到尊重的、明确界定的方针,通过国家间沟通,交流各国减排措施实施的相关信息,为国际会议和分析做好准备。

寻求国际支持的合适的国家减排措施将与相关的技术和能力扶持一起登记在案。

那些获得扶持的措施将被添加进附录II的列表中。

这些得到扶持的合适的国家减排措施将有待根据缔约方大会采纳的方针进行国际衡量、报告和审核。

6.WerecognizethecrucialroleofreducingemissionfromdeforestationandforestdegradationandtheneedtoenhanceremovalsofgreenhousegasemissionbyforestsandagreeontheneedtoprovidepositiveincentivestosuchactionsthroughtheimmediateestablishmentofamechanismincludingREDD-plus,toenablethe

mobilizationoffinancialresourcesfromdevelopedcountries.

6.我们认识到,减少滥伐森林和森林退化引起的碳排放是至关重要的,我们需要提高森林对温室气体的清除量,我们认为有必要通过立即建立包括REDD+在内的机制,为这类举措提供正面激励,促进发达国家提供的援助资金的流动。

7.Wedecidetopursuevariousapproaches,includingopportunitiestousemarkets,toenhancethecost-effectivenessof,andtopromotemitigationactions.Developingcountries,especiallythosewithlowemittingeconomiesshouldbeprovidedincentivestocontinuetodeveloponalowemissionpathway.

7.我们决定采取各种方法,包括使用碳交易市场的机会,来提高减排措施的成本效益,促进减排措施的实行;

应该给发展中国家提供激励,以促使发展中国家实行低排放发展战略。

8.Scaledup,newandadditional,predictableandadequatefundingaswellasimprovedaccessshallbeprovidedtodevelopingcountries,inaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheConvention,toenableandsupportenhancedactiononmitigation,includingsubstantialfinancetoreduceemissionsfromdeforestationandforestdegradation（REDD-plus）,adaptation,technologydevelopmentandtransferandcapacity-building,forenhancedimplementationoftheConvention.Thecollectivecommitmentbydevelopedcountriesistoprovidenewandadditionalresources,includingforestryandinvestmentsthroughinternationalinstitutions,approachingUSD30billionfortheperiod2010.2012withbalancedallocationbetweenadaptationandmitigation.Fundingforadaptationwillbeprioritizedforthemostvulnerabledevelopingcountries,suchastheleastdevelopedcountries,smallislanddevelopingStatesandAfrica.Inthecontextofmeaningfulmitigationactionsandtransparencyonimplementation,developedcountriescommittoagoalofmobilizingjointlyUSD100billiondollarsayearby2020toaddresstheneedsofdevelopingcountries.Thisfundingwillcomefromawidevarietyofsources,publicandprivate,bilateralandmultilateral,includingalternativesourcesoffinance.Newmultilateralfundingforadaptationwillbedeliveredthrougheffectiveandefficientfundarrangements,withagovernancestructureprovidingforequalrepresentationofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries.AsignificantportionofsuchfundingshouldflowthroughtheCopenhagenGreenClimateFund.

8.在符合大会相关规定的前提下,应向发展中国家提供更多的、新的、额外的以及可预测的和充足的资金,并且令发展中国家更容易获取资金,以支持发展中国家采取延缓气候变化的举措,包括提供大量资金以减少滥砍滥伐和森林退化产生的碳排放（REDD+）、支持技术开发和转让、提高减排能力等,从而提高该协定的执行力。

发达国家所作出的广泛承诺将向发展中国家提供新的额外资金,包括通过国际机构进行的林业保护和投资、在2010年至2012年期