山师附中届高三考前最后打靶题英语精校word版答案全Word格式.docx
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如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;
每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:
Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£
19.15.B.£
9.15.C.£
9.18.
答案:
B
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ilikereadingthoseinterestingstoriesbehindthosegreatlogosintheworld,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone—it’ssosimple.McDonald’s,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswellandtheyareamongmyfavorites.
Nike
IntheGreekmyth(神话),Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike’slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.
McDonald’s
Thelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearch-shapedsignsonthesideofthecompany’sthenwalk-uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald’snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.
Apple
TherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple’slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresentedthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977bySteveJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn’tstaylong.OneyearlateritwasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff’s“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette(轮廓)ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-coloredapplewasreplacedbytheone-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.
MercedesBenz
TheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionofathree-pointedstarthatrepresentsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach’selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,CieandDMGin1926.
Adidas
TheAdidaslogo,whichwascreatedbythefounderofthecompanyAdiDassler,representsmountains,pointingtowardsthechallengesthatareseenaheadandgoalsthatcanbeachieved.Thelogowasusedforthefirsttimein1967.
21.Whichofthefollowinglogomightappearfirstaccordingtothetext?
A.B.C.D.
22.Whichcompany’slogomayberelatedwithsomemythicsense?
A.Nike.
B.McDonald’s.
C.MercedesBenz.
D.Apple.
23.HowmanytimeshastheApple’slogobeenrevisedinitshistory?
A.5.
B.4.
C.3.
D.2.
Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedmemorieswerefirststoredinthehippocampus(海马体)thengradually“transferred”tothecortex(大脑皮层)forlong-termstorage.However,anewstudy
conductedbytheRiken—MITCenterforNeuralCircuitGeneticschallengesthistheory,suggestingthatmemoriesarestoredinthehippocampusandCortexatthesametime,butremain“silent”inthecortexforabouttwoweeksbeforereachingamaturestate.
Scientistshaveassumedthattheengram(记忆印痕)cellsinthecortexthatstorememorywereproducedslowly.“Thecellsactuallydeveloprapidly,”saidTakashiKitamura,aleadauthorofthestudy.
Thepasttheorythatshort-termmemoriesinthehippocampustransfertolong-termmemoriesinthecortexwasdevelopedinthe1970s,whenapatientnamedHenryMolaisonexperiencedadamagedhippocampus,andhelosthisabilitytomakenewmemories.
Untilrecently,scientistslackedareliablewaytotestmemoryconsolidation(实变)theory,Kitamuraexplained.“Mostpreviousstudiesofmemorywerebasedonanalyzinghowdamagetocertainbrainareasaffectsmemory”,hesaid.In2016,whenTonegawaLaboratory,aresearchlabatMIT,developedawaytolabelengramcells,openingthedoortonewwaystotestmemoryconsolidationtheory.
Researchersusedsomemiceduringtheexperiment.Adayafterthemicereceivedanelectricshock.Itsmemoriesofthefear-causingeventwerestoredinengramcellsinboththehippocampusandthecortex.Theengramcellsinthecortex,however,remainedsilent.Thesecellsdidslightbehaviorwhenartificiallyawakenedbylight.Furthermore,whentheconnectionbetweenthehippocampusandcortexwasblocked,long-termmemorywasunabletomature.
Researchersdiscoveredthatmemoryengramcellsnaturallychangetheirstatusfromactivetosilentandfromsilenttoactive.“Ifweidentifytheprinciplesbehindhowsilentmemorycanbeactive,wemayfindatreatmentforamnesia(失忆症)”,Kitamurasaid.
24.Inwhichaspectdoesthenewstudydifferfrompreviousstudiesaccordingtothetext?
A.Theresearchsubject.
B.Theresearchmethod.
C.Theirreliability.
D.Theirapplication.
25.Whatcanbeinferredaboutengramcellsinthetext?
A.Theyonlyexistinthehippocampus.
B.Theyonlyexistinthecortex.
C.Theyarecarriersofmemories.
D.Theykeepstableinstatus.
26.Whatisthekeytothetreatmentforamnesia?
A.Toknowtheprinciplesofengramcells’statuschange.
B.Toidentifythebridgebetweenhippocampusandcortex.
C.Towakeupthesilentmemoryinhippocampus.
D.Toremovetheactivememoryinthecortex.
27.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?
A.Howmemoriesarestored.
B.Whatanewstudyhasfound.
C.Howmemoryengramcellswork.
D.Whatisthefuturetocureamnesia.
C
Afewweeksago,IcalledanUbertotakemetotheBostonairportforaflighthomefortheholidays.AsIslidintothebackseatofthecar,thewarmintonations(语调)ofthedriver’saccentwashedovermeinafamiliarway.
IlearnedthathewasarecentWestAfricanimmigrantwithafewyoungchildren,workinghardtoprovideforhisfamily.Icouldrelate:
IamthedaughteroftwoEthiopianswhomadetheirshareofsacrifices(奉献)toensuremysuccess.ItoldhimIwasonacollegebreakandheadedhometovisitmyparents.That’showhefoundoutIgotoHarvard.Anapprovingeyeglintedatmeintherearviewwindow,andquickly,wecrossedtheboundariesofrideranddriver.Ibecamehisdaughter,allgrownup—theproductofhissacrifice.
Andthencamethefatefulquestion:
“Whatdoyoustudy?
”Ianswered“historyandliterature”andtheprideinhisvoicefaded,asIknewitmight.Ididn’tevengettoadd“andAfrican-Americanstudies”beforehecutin,hisvoicethickwithdisappointment,“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?
”
HereIwas,hisdaughter,squanderingthebiggestopportunityofherlife.Hewentontodelivertheage-oldlecturethatallimmigrantkidsknow.Wearetobecomedoctors(orlawyers,ifourparentsarebeinggenerous)—tomakemoneyandsendmoneybackhome.Theunspokendemand,madeacrossgenerations,whichmyUberdriverlaidoutplainly,issimple:
Fulfillyourroleinthenarrative(故事)ofupwardmobilitysoyourchildrencandothesame.
Iusedtofeelanxiousandbackedintoacornerbythequestioning,butnowasajuniorincollege,I’mgratefulfortheirsupportmorethananything.Thisholidayseason,I’vepromisedmyselfIwon’thuffandgetannoyedattheirinquiries.Iwon’tdefensivelyrespondwith“butIplantogotolawschool!
”WhenIgetunrequestedadvice,I’lljustsmileandnod,andenjoythewarmthoftheoccasion.
28.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1and2?
A.Boththedriverand“I”wereAfricanimmigrants.
B.Thedriverhadsacrificedtoensure“my”success.
C.ThedriverhadadaughterwhowasinHarvard.
D.Thedriverand“I”werefromthesamecountry.
29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“squandering”inthetext?
A.Creating.
B.Ruining.
C.Treasuring.
D.Obtaining.
30.Whatistheunspokendemandmadeonimmigrantkids?
A.Tofulfilltheroleasaparent.
B.Tohelptheirmotherlands.
C.Tomoveupwardinsociety.
D.Tobecomedoctorsorlawyers.
31.Whatis“my”attitudetowardsthequestioningnow?
A.Anxious.
B.Annoyed.
C.Defensive.
D.Appreciative.
D
Everyonewantstowin,andeverybodyknowsit.TakethecaseofOlympicathletes,whotrainhardeachdayforyearstoreachthetopoftheirsportandhopefullywinagoldmedal.Sinceeverycompetitor’sgoalistowin,weassumethatthesilvermedalistswouldbelesshappythangold-medalwinners,butstillhappierthanthoseinthirdplace.Commonsensesaysthatourlevelsofhappinessshouldhavesomethingtodowithourlevelsofachievement—exceptthatoftenthisisn’tthecase.
Researchersfoundthatbronzemedalistsactuallyappearedonthewholetobehappierthansilvermedalists.Howcouldthatbe?
Theanswer,inaword,isgratitude.Silvermedalists,whocomparedthemselvestothegoldmedalists,experienceddisappointmentathavingbeenclosetowinningthegold,butfallingshort.Thebronzemedalists,ontheotherhand,werethankfultohavewonamedalatall,comparingthemselvestoallthosewhodidn’tevenreachtheOlympicplatform.
Ifhappiness,then,istheaimoflife,perhapsourachievement-centeredcultureisgettingitallbackwards.Wefocusonwhatwewantratherthanonwhatwehave.Weforgettobegrateful,andasaresultweforgettobehappy.
We’refromaculturethatteachesustoenvyothers—anotherperson’sachievements—andthatisalwayslookingforwardtowhatcomesnext.Yetinabettersociety,mightwenotlookatwhatallofourearliernextshavealreadyear