学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全automobile engine injection ignitionWord下载.docx

学位论文汽车专业 翻译 中英文全automobile engine injection ignitionWord下载.docx

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InformationEducationandTechnology645,Section001

ProfessorDr.YudiGondokaryono

May2,2006

Introduction

Automobileenginesandpowertrainshavebecomeamajorgrowthareaformicrocontrolleruse.Thisgrowthisalsoexpectedtocontinue.Asmanynewregulationsconcerningtheexhaustemissionsandfuelefficiencymustbemetthenmoreandmoremicrocontrollersonautomobileswillberequired.Oneareathatcurrentlymakesuseofamicrocontrolleristhatoffuelinjectionandengineignition.

Thesetwoareascanbothbecontrolledinamannerthatcangreatlyincreasefuelefficiency,lowerexhaustemissions,andalsoimproveenginepowerperformance.Let’sbeginbylookingatfuelinjection.Injectingtheproperamountoffuelintotheengineatthepropertimeallowstheenginetooperateapeakperformancelevels.Thisprocesscanbeaccomplishedwithouttheuseofamicrocontroller.However,duetothemanyfactorsaffectingwhatconstitutestheproperamountandpropertimemakestheuseofamicrocontrollermuchmoreappealing.Themicrocontrollercangatherthereadingsfromsensorsconnectedtomanycomponentsontheenginetoperformcalculationsdeterminingtheproperamountandpropertimefortheinjectionprocesstooccur.Thehigherthetemperatureontheenginethebetterthefuelburns.Asthefuelburnsmoreefficientlylessfuelisrequiredtogeneratethesameamountofenergy.Havingatemperaturesensoronthemotorprovidinginputtothemicrocontrollerallowsforadjustmentoftheamountoffuelbeinginjectedintothemotortoprovidethesameamountofengineoutputenergy.Thesecalculationsarequitecomplexandthuswouldtakesometimeforapersontoperform.Themicrocontrollercangatherthedata,performthecalculations,andmakethenecessaryadjustmentsinafractionofasecond.Thegatheringandadjustmentprocesscanthusbeperformedmanytimespersecondallowforcontinuouslevelsofhigherengineperformance.

Likewise,theignitionprocesscanalsobecontrolledinasimilarprocess.Ignitionneedstooccuratatimethatwillallowtheenginetoprovidethemostenergyforuse.Iftheignitionis‘fired’exactlywhenthepistonisatitshighestpointthenenergywillbelost.Theamountoftimethatittakesfortheignitiontofireandthentraveltothepistonallowsthepistontomovedownward.Thenwhenthefuelisignitedandthereactiontakesplaceenergyisnotusedtoitsfullpotentialbecausethepistoncannotgainafull‘stroke’fromthereactionbutratherismovedwhatdistanceisavailablethusoperatingatlessthanpeakefficiency.However,iftheignitionprocessisstartedslightlybeforethepistonreachesitsuppermostpositiontheengineenergyisthususedtoitsfullpotential.Againinthisscenarioameasurementmustbetakenandacalculationmustbeperformedandthenanadjustmentmade.Thequickerthiscanbedownthemoreefficienttheenginewilloperate.

Forbothinjectionandignitiontherearemanyfactorsthatwillaffecttheoutcomeofthecalculationsrequiredtoadjusttheengineintopeakefficiency.Aswasdiscussedwiththeinjectionprocess,enginetemperatureplaysakeyroleandenginespeedgreatlyaffectstheignitionprocess.Thesefactorsarethekeyreasonthatamicrocontrollerisusedinsteadofmonitoringtheseelementsmanually.Apersonissimplyincapableofkeepingtrackofallofthesefactorsandthenalsoconsideringthemindeterminingtheproperadjustmentstobemade.ThisiswhyIwillonlyassumeaminorsetofthesefactorsfordiscussionindesigningabasicmicrocontrollersystemtocontrolbothfuelinjectionandengineignition.

Ourfuelinjectionsystemwilltakeintoaccountthetemperatureofthemotor,thepositionoftheacceleratorpedalandthepositionofthecrankshaftindeterminingwhentoopentheinjectorandhowlongtoleaveitopen.Theengineignitionsystemwillalsoconsiderthespeedoftheengineandthepositionofthecrankshaftindeterminingwhentotriggerthesparkcontrol.Bymonitoringourfourinputs:

motortemperature,acceleratorpedal,crankshaftposition,andenginespeed;

wecanproperlyadjustandsynchronizeourtwooutputcomponents:

injectorsandsparkcontrol.

TomeettherequirementsofsuchasystemIrecommendusingtheMotorolaMPC555microcontroller.FollowingisablockdiagramoftheMPC555followedbyalistoffeaturesavailableonthemicrocontroller.

MPC555Features:

PowerPCRISCprocessor

PowerPCcorewithfloating-pointunit

26KbytesfastRAMand6KbytesTPUmicrocodeRAM

448KbytesflashEEPROMwith5-Vprogramming

5VI/Osystem

Serialsystem–queuedserialmulti-channelmodule（QSMCM）,dualCAN2.0Bcontrollermodules（TouCAN）

50-channeltimersystem–dualtimeprocessorunits（TPU3）,modularI/Osystem（MIOS1）

32analoginputs–dualqueuedanalog-to-digitalconverters（QADC64）

SubmicronHCMOS（CDR1）technology

272-pintplasticballgridarray（PBGA）packaging

40-MHzoperationwithdualsupply（3.3V,5V）

TheMPC555microcontrollerisdesignedfortheautomotiveindustryandthushasbeenbuiltwithconsiderationfortheextremeoperatingconditionsthatwillbeencounteredbyanautomobile.Theotherkeyfeaturesthatmakethisgoodchoiceforthisapplicationisthemultipleanalog-to-digitalconvertersaswellasthedualtimeprocessorunits.Multipleconvertersallowmultipledevices（enginespeedsensor,acceleratorpedalposition,andmotorpositionsensor）tobeinputsimultaneouslyandhaveeachanalogsignalconvertedtodigitalsignalsforfurtherprocessing.Onceourinputshavebeenrecordedandconvertedthencalculationscanbeperformedtoadjustouroutputs.AnotherfeaturethatenablestheMPC555tomeetsystemrequirementsisthedualpowersupplyvoltages.Theinternalcorerunsat3.3Vwhiletheoutputportsoperateat5V.Thisworkswellbecausethelowerinternalpowerconsumptionwhileprovidingnecessaryvoltagesforinputandoutputdevices.Mostofthesensorsanddevicescontrolledbythistypeofmicrocontrollerweredesignedtobecompatiblewitholdermicrocontrollerswhichonlyhadasinglepowervoltagesupplywhichoperatedat5V.Sincethisisthecasethe5VI/OportscanoperatewithalmostanyavailableI/Odevice.

Dualtimeprocessorunitsallowustosynchronizebothoutputdeviceswithasinglemicrocontroller.Asingletimeprocessorunitcanbeassignedtoeachoutputdevice;

oneforthesparkcontrolandonefortheinjectioncontrol.Byadjustingthealgorithmthattakesintheinputdevicesvaluesandcalculatesthenecessaryoutputdevicelevelswecanadjustandcontrolthetimingofthesparkandinjectioncontrol.ThetimeprocessorunitsbothoperatesimultaneouslywiththeCPUandthushaveasinglepointoftimingeventtriggers.Thedesignofthetimeprocessorunitsallowsprocessingofreal-timehardwareeventswithoutCPUintervention.Thisallowsbothoutputdevicestobetimedinunisontoallowadjustmenttothehighestlevelofengineefficiency.

TheMPC555wasoriginallydesignedforautomotivepurposesandthushasbeendevelopedintoanactualenginecontrolunit.MclarenElectronicSystemsasbuiltadevicecalledtheTAG-300whichprovidesthetypeofcontroldescribedinthispaper.ThedetailsoftheTAG-300canbefoundatMclarendesignedtheTAG-300foruseinhigh-performanceFormula1racingsystems.UseinsuchasystemindicatesthattheMPC555meetstheneedsofhigh-performanceautomobilesandthuscanalsobeusedintoday’spersonalautomobiles.TheMotorolaMPC555hasbeenusedforenginecontrolandhasmanyotherpossibleapplicationsintheautomotiveindustry.

References

FIRE（2001）.FI2RE–ADevelopmentControlUnitforFlexibleInjectionandIgnition.IVEZWorldwide.RetrievedfromonApril4,2006.

Microcontroller（2006）.MPC555:

anautomotivePowerPCpart.Retrievedfromhttp:

//www.neon.co.uk/campus/articles/motorola/motorola6%20extra.htmonApril4,2006.

MPC555（2000）.MPC555/MPC556User’sManual.FreescaleSemiconductorInc.RetrievedfromonApril4,2006.

TAG-300（2006）.EngineControlUnitTAG-300.MclarenElectronicsSystems.RetrievedfromonApril4,2006.

Transport（2004）.MicrocontrollersfortheAutomobile.RossBannatyne,TransportationSystemsGroup,Motorola,Inc.RetrievedfromonApril4,2006

AutomobileEngineInjectionandIgnition汽车发动机喷射和点火

UsingtheMotorolaMPC555Microcontroller使用摩托罗拉MPC555的微控制器

RickWagoner里克瓦戈纳

InformationEducationandTechnology645,Section001教育和科技信息645，第001

ProfessorDr.YudiGondokaryono教授博士堤Gondokaryono

May2,20062006年5月2日

Introduction导言

Automobileenginesandpowertrainshavebecomeamajorgrowthareaformicrocontrolleruse. 

Thisgrowthisalsoexpectedtocontinue. 

Asmanynewregulationsconcerningtheexhaustemissionsandfuelefficiencymustbemetthenmoreandmoremicrocontrollersonautomobileswillberequired. 

Oneareathatcurrentlymakesuseofamicrocontrolleristhatoffuelinjectionandengineignition.汽车发动机和动力系统已成为微控制器的主要增长领域。

这种增长还将继续。

由于许多新规定有关废气排放和燃料效率必须达到的汽车，然后越来越多的微控制器将需要。

一个领域目前已经制造出一种微控制器的是，燃油喷射和发动机点火。

Thesetwoareascanbothbecontrolledinamannerthatcangreatlyincreasefuelefficiency,lowerexhaustemissions,andalso