初一英语期末考试考点级副本Word下载.docx
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v动词和介词后接人称代词宾格。
v主格作主语;
宾格作宾语(动词和介词);
v名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
二、1.数词:
基
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
序
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
twentieth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
2.数词的应用:
3thousandstudents;
thousandsofstudents
3hundredstudents;
hundredsofstudents
时间表达法:
时间范围
例子
顺读法
逆读法
整点
12:
00
12o’clock
0<
分钟<
30
3:
25
threetwenty-five
twentyfivepastthree
15
threefifteen
aquarterpastthree
分钟=30
threethirty
halfpastthree
30<
60
40
threeforty
twentytofour
45
threeforty-five
aquartertofour
年龄表达法:
1.Heistwelveyearsold.=Heistwelve.=Heisatwelve-year-oldboy.
Theboyiseightyearsold.=Heiseight.=Heisaneight-year-oldboy.
2.attheageof在……岁的时候
HebegantolearnEnglishattheageoffive.
数量的表达:
1.许多、大量
lotsof/alotof+可数名词复数和不可数名词
many+可数名词复数
much+不可数名词
三、冠词:
1.不定冠词(a;
an)
vauniversity
vaEuropeanwolf
vanAmericangirl
vanAfricanelephant
vanAustraliankangaroo
vanidea
vagoodidea
vanEnglishcar
vausefulbook
2.定冠词(the):
表示特指。
vThereisabirdinthetree.
Thebirdisred.
vthesun/themoon/theearth
vthefirstlesson
vplaythepiano/playtheguitar
vtheold(老年人)/theyoung(年轻人)
vtheGreatWall/theUSA
vtheGreenfamily=theGreens
格林一家人
vinthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening
3.不用冠词的情况
v专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词AmericawaterJapanese
vhavebreakfast/havelunch/havedinner/havesupper
vplayfootball/playbasketball/playvolleyball/playtabletennis
vbybus/bybike/bytrain/byplane
四、名词
1.单数变复数:
|baby
family
boy
monkey
|sheep
deer
fish
|tomato
potato
hero
photo
|foot
tooth
zoo
kangaroo
|leaf
knife
wife
wolf
shelf
|American
German
Australian
Englishman
Frenchman
Chinese
|mouse
child
man
manteacher
woman
womandoctor
2.名词所有格:
1.Jim’sroom
2.JimandTom’sroom
3.Jim’sandTom’srooms
4.Children’sDay儿童节
5.Women’sDay妇女节
6.Teachers’Day教师节
7.aphotoofmyfriend’s
8.aphotoofmine
3.可数名词和不可数名词的量化:
1.数量(≥2)+可数名词的复数
2.数量(≥2)+量词(bags/boxes/baskets)of+可数名词的复数
3.数量(≥2)+量词(pieces/boxes/bags/bottles/bowls/cups)of+不可数名词
4.some/any+可数名词复数/不可数名词
5.many+可数名词复数;
6.可数名词复数表示一类(apples);
不可数名词表示一类(Milkishealthyfood.)
五、时态:
时态
意义
标志词
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
一般现在时
1.表示现在的状态。
now,often,always,never,sometimes,
usually;
seldom;
every(day,morning…);
onceaweek,
onSunday,
atweekends
主语+be(am,isare)…
主语+be+not+…
Be+主语…..
2.表示经常性和习惯性的动作
主语+动词原形
主语+don’t+动词原形
Do+主语+动词原形?
主语(三)+动词的第三人称单数
主语+doesn’t+动词原形
Does+主语+动词原形?
现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作
now,atthemoment;
rightnow
Look!
Listen!
;
It’sseveno’clock.
主语+Be(am,is,are)+V-ing
主语+be(am,is,are)not+V-ing
Be(am,is,are)+主语+doing?
v动词的变化形式:
1.第三人称单数:
1.teach
2.catch
3.watch
4.search
5.study
6.stay
7.play
8.say
2.现在分词:
1.wait
2.eat
3.see
4.get
5.sit
6.run
7.plan
8.cut
9.swim
10.shop
11.stop
12.begin
13.forget
14.happen
15.lie
16.tie
17.die
v注意事项:
1.有be动词,将be动词提前构成一般疑问句,在be动词后加not构成否定句,没有be动词借助于助动词do或does,构成一般疑问句和否定句。
2.否定句或一般疑问句变回到肯定句,要将be动词还原;
有助动词的去掉助动词,谓语动词根据主语变回到适当形式。
3.划线提问频度副词用疑问词:
Howoften.
六、动词不定式:
动词不定式肯定:
todo(to为不定式符号,无意义)
否定:
nottodo
省略to的动词不定式:
do(动词原形)
v作主语:
(用It做形式宾语,真正的主语放在句后)
1.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.
2.Itiskindofyoutohelpme.
3.TolearnEnglishisimportant.
4.It’sagoodideatogotothepark.
5.It’sgreattohearfromyou.
v作宾语:
1.wanttodosth.想做某事
2.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事
3.liketodosth.(likedoingsth.)喜欢做某事
4.plantodosth.计划做某事
v作宾语补足语:
1.wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事Iwantyoutohelpme.
2.wouldlikesb.todosth.Wouldyouliketohelpme?
3.asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事TheteacherasksmetolistentoEnglisheveryday.
4.tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事Theteachertellsustodohomeworkatschool.
5.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事Heinvitesmetowatchfootballwithhim.
6.helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事(helpsb.dosth.)
HeoftenhelpsmetolearnEnglish.
7.letsbdosth.Let’sgohome.Letmehelpyou.
8.watchsb.dosth.看到某人做某事(动作完成)
Ioftenwatchhissisterplayfootballoverthere.
9.watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(动作在进行)
Iwatchagirlplayingfootballovertherenow.
v其他用法:
1.usesth.todosth.用…做…Heusesthecomputertodohomework.
2.Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo.
3.MyjobistolearnEnglish.
4.I’mgladtomeetyou.
七、动名词:
(-ing)
1.Swimmingismyfavouritesport.
2.Swimmingandrunningaremyfavouritesport.
3.Eatinglotsofvegetablesisgoodforourhealth.
1.finishdoingsth.完成做某事Ifinishdoingmyhomework.
2.practicedoingsth.练习做某事IoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.
3.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?
4.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事HeisbusylearningEnglish.
5.Whataboutdoingsth.?
(Howaboutdoingsth…?
)
6.thanksb.fordoingsth.因为某事谢谢某人Thankyouforhelpingme.
7.spend+(时间、金钱)+(in)doingsth.花(时间或金钱)做某事
Ispend2hoursdoingmyhomework.我花了2小时做作业。
Ispend200yuanbuyingtheskirt.我花了200元买这条裙子。
八、双宾语:
vgivesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.Hegivesmeapen.=Hegivesapentome.
sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.Hesendsmeanemail.=Hesendsanemailtome.
teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.HeteachesmeEnglish.=HeteachesEnglishtome.
passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.Hepassesmeacupoftea.=Hepassesacupofteatome.
vbuysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.Mymotherbuysmeabook.=Mymotherbuysabooktome.
makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.
Mymothermakesmeacake.=Mymothermakesacakeforme.
drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.Hedrawsmeapicture.=Hedrawsapictureforme.
vgiveit/themtome
九、不定代词:
vother,another,others与theother的用法:
A.●,◆one…theother(one)…(两者中)另一个
例:
Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,theother(one)isblue.
B.●,◆◆◆one…theothers/theother…(多者中)其余的
例:
Ihavefourgoodfriends.Oneisadoctor,theothersareworkers.
C.●,◆○○one…another(one)…(多者中)另一个
Ihavefivebrothers.Oneisadoctor,anotherisadriver,theothersareworkers.
D.●●,◆◆○○some…others…(多者中)有些
Theboysareonthefarm.Someareplantingtrees,othersarewateringtheflowers.
E.●●●,◆◆◆some…theothers/theotherones(多者中)其余的
Thereare15books.SomeareChinese,theothersareEnglish.
SomeareChinese,theotherbooksareEnglish.
表否定
表肯定
可数
few(几乎没有)
afew(几个;
一些)
不可数
little(几乎没有)
alittle(一点儿少许)
vafew/few/alittle/little的用法:
十、介词表达法:
v表时间:
1.inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening
2.onMonday/Tuesday/Wednesday
3.onMondaymorning
4.onasnowymorning
5.onarainyday
6.onthemorningofOctober1st
7.atseveno’clock
8.foralongtime/forthreehours
9.atnoon
10.atnight
11.atweekends
12.onweekdays
13.in1998
14.inSeptember,1998
15.onSeptember10th,1998
v表地点
1.athome
2.atschool
3.atthecinema
4.inaschool
5.inafactory
6.inChina
7.inAsia
8.intheworld
v表位置
1.infrontof在……前面
2.behind在……后面
3.beopposite在……对面
4.nextto紧挨着
5.near在……附近
6.beside在……旁边
7.ontheleft在……左边
8.ontheright在……右边
9.inthefrontof在……(内部)的前面
10.atthebackof在……(内部)的后面
11.inthemiddleof在……的中间
12.between…and…在两者之间
13.under在…下面
14.over在……上面(正上方)
15.on在……上面(表面接触)
v辨析:
1.onthetreeTherearesomeapplesonthetree.
2.inthetreeThereisabirdinthetree.
1.onthewallThereisapicturesonthewall.
2.inthewallTherearesomewindowsinthewall.
1.across穿过(表面)Walkacrosstheroad.
2.through穿过(内部)Gothroughthepark.
十一、主谓一致:
主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则:
❆语法一致原则,即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。
如:
Sheisaclevergirl.WecomefromDongying.Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.
❆概念一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表达的概念。
Myfamilyareallwell.Breadandmilkarebothgoodforourhealth.
❆就近一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.
(1)人称、数的一致。
IamanEnglishteacher.
ThemanstudiesEnglisheveryholiday.
ThewomaniscalledMrs.Green.
(2)集体名词family,team,group,class作主语时
如果强调整体这一概念,谓语动词用单数;
Hisfamilyisabigone.
如果强调集体成员,谓语动词用复数。
Thefamilyaresittingattable.
(3)主语是抽象概念、不可数名词或由some,no,every,any与body,one,thing等组成的不定代词时,谓语动词用单数。
Waterisveryimportantforeveryone.Everyonelikesswimming.
(4)动名词、动词不定时,谓语动词用单数。
WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforoureyes.
Togiveisbetterthantoreceive.
(5)表示时间、金钱、度量、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作整体,谓语动词用单数。
Twomonthsisquitealongtime。
Fivethousandkilometersisalongway.
(6)有些名词如people,police等形式上是单数,意义上却是复数,故谓语动词用复数形式;
而有些名词,如politics,maths,physics,news等形式上是复数,实为单数或不可数名词,其谓语动词用单数。
MathsismoredifficultthanChinese.
Thepolicearesearchingfortherobber.
Nonewsisgoodnews.
(7)trousers,shoes,glasses,clothes等做主语时,谓语动词用复数;
但如果其前面有a/thispairof,asuitof,pairs/suitsof等量词,则往往跟p