剑7Test2ReadingWord格式.docx

剑7Test2ReadingWord格式.docx

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灾难性的

topple

不稳而倒下

elevated

升高的

flatten

使变平

devastate

摧毁

magnificent

壮观的

unscathed

未受损伤的

level

ParagraphB

scholar

学者

mystify

使迷惑

slender

细长的

erect

竖立

reinforce

加固

absorber

减震器

dampen

减弱

ParagraphC

peg

桩

wedge

楔

majestic

壮丽的

soar

耸立

carpenter

木匠

sway

摇摆

ParagraphD

Buddhism

佛教

brick

砖

staircase

楼梯

watchtower

瞭望台

architecture

建筑设计

beadaptedto

（经改动以）适应（环境）

Bedispensedwith

免除

batter

击打

eave.

屋檐

gush

涌出

overhang

外伸部分

ParagraphE

porcelain

瓷

tile

瓦片

earthenware

陶器

ParagraphF

resilience

快速恢复的能力

pinetree

松树

trunk

树干

pillar

柱子

flex

弯曲

startling

惊人的

suspend

吊

loosely

松弛地

ParagraphG

aseriesof

一系列

enormous

巨大的

stationary

静止的

pendulum

钟摆

craftsman

工匠

Trailanderror

反复试验

grasp

领会

stack

堆，垛

slither

滑行

toandfro

来回地

consecutive

连续的

constrain

约束

bang

猛撞

transmit

传送，传导

ParagraphH

taper

逐渐减少

successive

corresponding

相应的

counterpart

相似之物

ParagraphI

tightrope

钢丝

pole

杆

jolt

摇动

abrupt

突然的

anticipate

预料

2.长难句分析及理解

1）Recordsshowthatonlytwohavecollapsedduringthepast1400years.Thosethathavedisappearedweredestroyedbyfireasaresultoflightningorcivilwar.

a.分析句子结构

b.句子翻译：

2）ThedisastrousHanshinearthquakein1995killed6400people,toppledelevatedhighways,flattenedofficeblocksanddevastatedtheportareaofKobe.Yetitleftthemagnificentfive-storeypagodaattheTojitempleinnearbyKyotounscathed,thoughitlevelledanumberofbuildingsintheneighborhood.

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3）Itwasonlythirtyyearsagothatthebuildingindustryfeltconfidentenoughtoerectofficeblocksofsteelandreinforcedconcretethathadmorethanadozenfloors.Withitsspecialshockabsorberstodampentheeffectofsuddensidewaysmovementsfromanearthquake,thethirty-six-storeyKasumigasekibuildingincentralTokyo--Japan’sfirstskyscraper—wasconsideredamasterpieceofmodernengineeringwhenitwasbuiltin1968.

_______

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4）Themulti-storeypag0dacametoJapanfromChinainthesixcentury.AsinChina,theywerefirstintroducedwithBuddhismandwereattachedtoimportanttemples.TheChinesebuilttheirpagodasinbrickorstone,withinnerstaircases,andusedtheminlatercenturiesmainlyaswatchtowers.WhenthepagodareachedJapan,however,itsarchitecturewasfreelyadaptedtolocalconditions—theywerebuiltlesshigh,typicallyfiveratherthanninestoreys,mademainlyofwoodandthestaircasewasdispensedwithbecausetheJapanesepagodadidnothaveanypracticalusebutbecamemoreofanartobject.BecauseofthetyphoonsthatbatterJapaninthesummer,Japanesebuilderslearnedtoextendtheeavesofbuildingsfurtherbeyondthewalls.Thispreventsrainwatergushingdownthewalls.PagodasinChinaandKoreahavenothingliketheoverhangthatisfoundonpagodasinJapan.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5）TheroofofaJapanesetemplebuildingcanbemadetooverhangthesidesofthestructurebyfiftypercentormoreofthebuilding’soverallwidth.Forthesamereason,thebuildersofJapanesepagodasseemtohavefurtherincreasedtheirweightbychoosingtocovertheseextendedeavesnotwiththeporcelaintilesofmanyChinesepagodasbutwithmuchheavierearthenwaretiles.

b.句子翻译

6）.Infact,insomepagodadesigns,itdoesnotevenrestontheground,butissuspendedfromthetopofthepagoda—hanginglooselydownthroughthemiddleofthebuilding.Theweightofthebuildingissupportedentirelybytwelveouterandfourinnercolumns.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7）.Theshinbashira,runningupthroughaholeinthecentreofthebuilding,constrainedindividualstoreysfrommovingtoofarbecause,aftermovingacertaindistance,theybangedintoit,transmittingenergyawayalongthecolum.

8）MrIshida,knowntohisstudentsas‘ProfessorPagoda’becauseofhispassiontounderstandthepagoda,hasbuiltaseriesofmodelsandtestedthemona‘shaketable’inhislaboratory.Inshort,theshinbashirawasactinglikeanenormousstationarypendulum.

9）MoresurprisingisthefactthattheindividualstoreysofaJapanesepagoda,unliketheircounterpartselsewhere,arenotactuallyconnectedtoeachother.Theyaresimplystackedoneontopofanotherlikeapileofhats.

3.本段主题

Reading2

collateraldamage

附带损害

destruction

n.破坏；

毁灭

enervation

n.削弱；

衰弱

fertiliser

n.肥料；

受精媒介物

skylark,partridge,lapwing,cornbunting

均为鸟名

pesticide

n.杀虫剂

vanish

v.消失；

突然不见

monoculture

n.单一栽培

hedgerow

n.灌木篱墙

batteryrearing

笼养

landscape

n.风景；

地形

livestock

n.家畜；

牲畜

faecalfilth

排泄物；

污秽

geneticengineering

基因工程；

遗传工程

salmon

n.鲑鱼；

三文鱼；

大马哈鱼

colossal

a.巨大的；

庞大的

loch

n.湖；

（狭长的）海湾

algae

n.藻类；

海藻

run-off

n.流失物

1）Firstmechanisation,thenmassuseofchemicalfertilisersandpesticides,thenmonocultures,thenbatteryrearingoflivestock,andnowgeneticengineering—theonwardmarchofintensivefarminghasseemedunstoppableinthelasthalf-century,asyieldsofproducehavesoared.Butthedamageithascausedhasbeencolossal.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2）Naturalsoilfertilityisdroppinginmanyareasbecauseofcontinuousindustrialfertiliserandpesticideuse,whilethegrowthofalgaeisincreasinginlakesbecauseofthefertilizerrun-off.

3）InBritain,forexample,manyofourbest-lovedfarmlandbirds,suchastheskylark,thegreypartridge,thelapwingandthecornbunting,havevanishedfromhugestretchesofcountryside,ashaveevenmorewildflowersandinsects.

externality

n.外部因素

aesthetic

a.美学的；

审美的

transaction

n.办理；

交易

4）Thisismainlybecausethecostsofallthisdamagearewhateconomistsrefertoasexternalities:

theyareoutsidethemaintransaction,whichisforexampleproducingandsellingafieldofwheat,andarebornedirectlybyneitherproducersnorconsumers.

5）Tomany,thecostsmaynotappeartobefinancialatall,butmerelyaesthetic—aterribleshame,butnothingtodowithmoney.Andanywaythey,asconsumersoffood,certainlyaren’tpayingforit,arethey?

quantify

v.确定数量；

量化

arable

a.可耕的；

适于耕种的

staggering

a.蹒跚的；

摇晃的；

令人惊讶的

pasture

n.牧地；

草原；

牧场

equivalent

a.相当的；

相等的n.等价物

conservative

a.保守的；

守旧的n.保守派

nitrate

n.硝酸盐

organic

a.器官的；

有机的；

组织的

phosphate

n.磷肥；

磷酸盐

threefold

adv.三倍

cryptosporidium

[植]小孢子,小芽胞,芽体

purify

v.使...纯净；

净化

deteriorate

v.（使）恶化

6）Thecostsincluded:

€23mfortheremovalofthebugcryptosporidiumfromdrinkingwaterbywatercompanies;

€125mfordamagetowildlifehabitats,hedgerowsanddrystonewalls;

€1113mfromemissionsofgaseslikelytocontributetoclimatechange;

€106mfromsoilerosionandorganiccarbonlosses;

€169mfromfoodpoisoning;

and€607mfromcattledisease.

7）ProfessorPrettydrawsasimplebutmemorableconclusionfromallthis:

our