国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题文档格式.docx
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I.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(2%×
10=20%)
1.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.
A.language
B.langue
C.parole
D.competence
2.Vowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysexcept_______.
A.positionofthetongue
B.opennessofthemouth
C.mannerofarticulation
D.shapeofthelips
3.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
4.Aspeaker’sknowledgeofhis/hernativelanguagewhichisinternalizedinthemindofthespeakerisnotacompletelistofwordsandphrases,but_______ofgrammaticalknowledge.
A.arulesystem
B.phrasestructurerules
C.movementrules
D.transformationalrules
5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.
A.word
B.utterance
C.phrase
D.sentence
6.SpeakerA:
I’moutofpetrol.
SpeakerB:
There’sagarageroundthecorner.
SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.
A.quantity
B.quality
C.relation
D.manner
7._______,vowelstendtobenasalizedbeforenasalconsonantsbecauseitisdifficulttotimetheloweringofthevelumtoproducenasalitywiththeconsonantarticulation.
A.Psychologically
B.Sociologically
C.Culturally
D.Physiologically
8.Atypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.
A.diglossic
B.bilingual
C.pidginized
D.creolized
9.WhichofthefollowingmentalfunctionsisNOTunderthecontroloftherighthemisphereinmostpeople?
A.Holisticreasoning.
B.Temporalordering.
C.Visualandspatialskills.
D.Recognitionofpatterns.
10.WhichofthefollowingchoicesCANNOTbeconsideredasindividuallearnerfactorsaffectingtheacquisitionofasecondlanguage?
A.Aptitude.
B.Motivation.
C.Interference.
D.Personality.
非选择题部分
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
II.Directions:
Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×
10=10%)
11.Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.
12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.
13.Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.
14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.
15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;
theword“baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.
16.Youcansay“Iswearheistheliar,”“Ibelieveheistheliar,”or“Iguessheistheliar.”Alltheseutterancessharethesameipointofsayingsomethingthespeakerbelievestobetrue,buttheyobviouslydifferintheforceoftheirstatement.
17.Inanaprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.
18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc.
19.Ingeneral,braindamageorblood-clottinginonehemispheremaybeaccompaniedbyparalysisofthelimbsontheosideofthebody.
20.AccordingtoStephenKrashen,areferstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.
III.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.(2%×
21.Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.
22.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:
broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedbypopulartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.
23.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.
24.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.
25.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonyms.
26.AccordingtoJohnSearle’sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,speechactsfallintofivegeneralcategories,whicharerepresentatives,directives,commissives,expressivesanddeclaratives.
27.Blendingisaprocessofwordformation,inwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords,forexample,smog,e-mail,motel,hi-fi.
28.Inviewoflanguageasaneffectivemeansofcommunication,nosingledialectofalanguage,beitstandardornonstandard,isanymorelogical,oranymorepurerthananyotherdialectofthelanguage.
29.Therightearadvantageindichoticlisteningresearchprovidesevidenceinsupportoftheviewthatlanguagefunctionsarelateralizedprimarilyinthelefthemisphereofthebrain.
30.Childrenwhogrowupincultureswherecaretakerspeechisabsentacquiretheirnativelanguagemoreslowlythanchildrenwhoareexposedtocaretakerspeech.
Ⅳ.Directions:
Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.(3%×
10=30%)
31.diachronicstudy
32.vowels
33.root
34.syntax
35.argument
36.representatives
37.back-formation
38.speechcommunity
39.Broca’sarea
40.acculturation
V.Directions:
Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×
2=20%)
41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwosentences.
(1)Aboyfoundthebook.
(2)Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.
42.Onespecificaspectofsituationaluseoflanguageisthatofaddresstermusage.Pleaseexplainwhatanaddresstermrefersto,whatsocialfactorsaddressershavetoconsiderinchoosingasuitableaddressterm,anduseexamplestoillustratethefrequentlyusedaddresstermsinEnglishlanguage.