国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题文档格式.docx

国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题文档格式.docx

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I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandblackenthecorrespondingletterA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（2%×

10=20%）

1.AccordingtoSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby.

A.language

B.langue

C.parole

D.competence

2.Vowelscanbeclassifiedintermsofeachofthefollowingwaysexcept_______.

A.positionofthetongue

B.opennessofthemouth

C.mannerofarticulation

D.shapeofthelips

3.Thereare_______morphemesintheword“frightening.”

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

4.Aspeaker’sknowledgeofhis/hernativelanguagewhichisinternalizedinthemindofthespeakerisnotacompletelistofwordsandphrases,but_______ofgrammaticalknowledge.

A.arulesystem

B.phrasestructurerules

C.movementrules

D.transformationalrules

5.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.

A.word

B.utterance

C.phrase

D.sentence

6.SpeakerA:

I’moutofpetrol.

SpeakerB:

There’sagarageroundthecorner.

SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof_______.

A.quantity

B.quality

C.relation

D.manner

7._______,vowelstendtobenasalizedbeforenasalconsonantsbecauseitisdifficulttotimetheloweringofthevelumtoproducenasalitywiththeconsonantarticulation.

A.Psychologically

B.Sociologically

C.Culturally

D.Physiologically

8.Atypicalexampleofa_______communityisanethnicghettowheremost,ifnotall,ofitsinhabitantsareeitherimmigrantsorchildrenofimmigrants.

A.diglossic

B.bilingual

C.pidginized

D.creolized

9.WhichofthefollowingmentalfunctionsisNOTunderthecontroloftherighthemisphereinmostpeople?

A.Holisticreasoning.

B.Temporalordering.

C.Visualandspatialskills.

D.Recognitionofpatterns.

10.WhichofthefollowingchoicesCANNOTbeconsideredasindividuallearnerfactorsaffectingtheacquisitionofasecondlanguage?

A.Aptitude.

B.Motivation.

C.Interference.

D.Personality.

非选择题部分

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

II.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×

10=10%）

11.Culturaltreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker,andtheyarenotsimplybiologicallypassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.

12.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalledsfeatures,whicharethephonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthesentence.

13.Daffixesareaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword.ThisisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.

14.Acsentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.

15.Ifwesay“Thebabyiscrying,”wemustbetalkingaboutacertainbabycryinginacertainsituation;

theword“baby”meansababyknowntoboththespeakerandthehearer,whichistheroftheword“baby”inthisparticularsituation.

16.Youcansay“Iswearheistheliar,”“Ibelieveheistheliar,”or“Iguessheistheliar.”Alltheseutterancessharethesameipointofsayingsomethingthespeakerbelievestobetrue,buttheyobviouslydifferintheforceoftheirstatement.

17.Inanaprocess,successivesoundsaremadeidentical,ormoresimilar,tooneanotherintermsofplaceormannerofarticulation,orofhaplology.

18.Insociolinguisticstudies,apidginizeddialectmayexpandandeventuallybecomethenativelanguageofacertainpopulation,whichisknownasc.

19.Ingeneral,braindamageorblood-clottinginonehemispheremaybeaccompaniedbyparalysisofthelimbsontheosideofthebody.

20.AccordingtoStephenKrashen,areferstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandthengivethecorrectversion.（2%×

21.Speechandwritingarethetwomajormediaofcommunication.Inlinguisticevolution,however,speechispriortowriting,therefore,thespokenlanguageratherthanthewrittenshouldbegivenpriorityinmodernlinguistics.

22.Therearetwowaysnowavailabletotranscribespeechsounds:

broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription,ofwhichthereallyrequiredandusedbypopulartextbookanddictionarywritersisthelatter.

23.Compoundshavedifferentstresspatternsfromnon-compoundedwordsequences.Ingeneral,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondword,whilethefirstwordreceivessecondarystress.

24.Sentenceisusuallyconceivedasthelargestunitofgrammar.Normally,asentencecontainsatleastasubjectandafiniteverboraverbphraseasitspredicate.

25.Thepairofwords,“husband”and“wife,”arecomplementaryantonyms.

26.AccordingtoJohnSearle’sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,speechactsfallintofivegeneralcategories,whicharerepresentatives,directives,commissives,expressivesanddeclaratives.

27.Blendingisaprocessofwordformation,inwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords,forexample,smog,e-mail,motel,hi-fi.

28.Inviewoflanguageasaneffectivemeansofcommunication,nosingledialectofalanguage,beitstandardornonstandard,isanymorelogical,oranymorepurerthananyotherdialectofthelanguage.

29.Therightearadvantageindichoticlisteningresearchprovidesevidenceinsupportoftheviewthatlanguagefunctionsarelateralizedprimarilyinthelefthemisphereofthebrain.

30.Childrenwhogrowupincultureswherecaretakerspeechisabsentacquiretheirnativelanguagemoreslowlythanchildrenwhoareexposedtocaretakerspeech.

Ⅳ.Directions:

Explainthefollowingtermsandgiveexamplesforillustrationwhereappropriate.（3%×

10=30%）

31.diachronicstudy

32.vowels

33.root

34.syntax

35.argument

36.representatives

37.back-formation

38.speechcommunity

39.Broca’sarea

40.acculturation

V.Directions:

Answerthefollowingquestions.（10%×

2=20%）

41.Drawatreediagramofconstituentstructureforeachofthefollowingtwosentences.

（1）Aboyfoundthebook.

（2）Theguidesuggestedthetouriststakearest.

42.Onespecificaspectofsituationaluseoflanguageisthatofaddresstermusage.Pleaseexplainwhatanaddresstermrefersto,whatsocialfactorsaddressershavetoconsiderinchoosingasuitableaddressterm,anduseexamplestoillustratethefrequentlyusedaddresstermsinEnglishlanguage.