最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义.docx
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Unit1-ACriticalReading(批判性阅读)
1.criticaladj.有判断力的;判断公正(或审慎)的
2.non-fictionn.纪实文学
3.positionn.观点;态度;立场
4.statementn.说明;说法;表态
5.questionv.表示疑问;怀疑
outofquestion/outofthequestion毫无疑问/不可能的
补:
incharge管理;掌管
inthecharge由…负责;由…管理(被动)
6.evaluatev.估计;评价;评估
7.contextn.事情发生的背景,环境,来龙去脉
8.valuen.values[pl.]是非标准;价值观
valuable
invaluable=priceless无价的;
valueless=无价值的
9.representv.描述;表现
representativeadj./n.
10.assertionn.明确肯定;断言
11.sufficientadj.足够的;充足的
sufficiency
insufficient不够的;不充分的in-:
否定前缀
12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字;统计资料
13.integratev.(使)合并,成为一体
14.authorityn.专家;学术权威;泰斗
an/theauthorityonsth.
authorize
15.comparev.比较;对比
compareAwithB把A和B进行比较
compareAtoB把A比成B。
(打比方)
16.subjectn.主题;题目;题材
17.consistentadj.相符的;符合的
18.inconsistencyn.不一致
19.assumptionn.假定;假设
20.casen.具体情况;事例
incase万一;以防;(用一般时)
incaseoffire万一发生火灾;incaseof万一发生
incasethat…万一发生…情况。
acaseinpoint
confirmed/suspectedcases确诊病例/疑似病例
21.directlyadv.直接地;径直地
22.identifyv.找到;发现
23.validadj.符合逻辑的;合理的;确凿的
validityn.有效性,正确(性)
invalid无效的;有病的
24.credibleadj.可信的;可靠的=believeable
incredible=unbelievable不可信的;
25.landmarkn.(标志重要阶段的)里程碑
26.relevantadj.紧密相关的;切题的
relevancyn.关联;恰当
irrelevant
27.currentadj.现时发生的;当前的
28.appropriateadj.合适的;恰当的
inappropriate
It's(not)appropriatethat….+虚拟语气
29.biasn.偏见;偏心;偏向
30.considerablyadv.非常;很;相当多地
consider
considering介词、连词鉴于;考虑到;
considerable相当…的;
considerate体贴;考虑周到的;
considerationn.考虑
31.Democratn.(美国)民主党党员,民主党支持者民
32.Republicann.(美国)共和党党员,共和党支持者
33.reflectv.显示;表明;表达
34.informedadj.有学问的;有见识的
well-informed博学的;
ill-informed无知的;
PhrasesandExpressions
1.applyto使用;应用
2.putforth提出;产生
3.take…intoaccount考虑到;顾及
4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面;信以为真
5.withagrainofsalt有保留地;持怀疑态度地
sometime:
一段时间;sometime:
某个时间
sometimes:
有时;sometimes:
次数;倍数
CriticalReading(批判性阅读)
1.①Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust(不只是,不仅仅是)understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.(启下句)
2.Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.
②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.
③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.
3.Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.(承上句)Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.
4.Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.④Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.(承上句)
5.Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.⑤Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.(承上启下句)Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.
6.Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.(承上句)Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent(启下句).Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.
7.Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.⑥AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.⑦Wha