跨文化交际课程docWord文件下载.docx

跨文化交际课程docWord文件下载.docx

《跨文化交际课程docWord文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《跨文化交际课程docWord文件下载.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

3.slang

Wordsandexpressionswhichareregardedasveryinformalandsoarenotconsideredsuitableforformalsocialsituationsorseriouswriting.

4.collectivistculture

Collectivistculturesplacelittlevalueonindividualidentityandgreatvalueongroupidentity.Theyhavebeenlabeledas“we”culturesbecausebasicunitisthein-grouporcollective.

5.cultureshock

cultureshock：

Itisapsychologicalphenomenonthatisexperiencedmostoftenbythosewho,whethervoluntarilyorinvoluntarily,intheprocessofadjustingthemselvestoanewculture.

6.proverb

Proverbsarethosepopularshortsayingscontainingwordsofadviceorwarning—areanimportantpartofthelanguageandcultureofasociety.

7.interculturalcommunication.

8.IndividualCulture

Individualstendtodefinethemselvesbytheextenttowhichtheyaredifferentfrom,ratherthansimilartoother.Peopleareencouragedtodisplayself-confidenceandassertiveness,disclosureofpersonalthoughtsandfeelings.

9.Culture

Culturemeans:

（a）Thearts,customs,andhabitsthatcharacterizeaparticularsocietyornation.

（b）.Thebeliefs,values,behaviorandmaterialobjectsthatconstituteapeople'

swayoflife.

10.Proxemics

Proxemicsreferstothestudyofspatialrelations.Thestudyofproxemicsincludesthreeaspectsofspace:

（a）fixedfeaturesofspace.（b）semifixedfeaturesofspace,and（c）personalspace

11.Norms

Normsrefertorulesforappropriatebehavior,whichprovidetheexpectationspeoplehaveofoneanotherandofothers.Normsaretheoutwardmanifestationsofbeliefsandvalues.

12.Individualism

Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattheinterestsoftheindividualareoroughttobeparamount,andthatallvalues,right,anddutiesoriginateinindividuals.Itemphasizesindividualinitiative,independence，individualexpression,andevenprivacy.

13.Paralanguage

Thesetofnonphonemicpropertiesofspeech,suchasspeakingtempo,vocalpitch,andintonationalcontours,thatcanbeusedtocommunicateattitudesorothershadesofmeaning.

14.Low-contextculture

Culturesinwhichlittleofthemeaningisdeterminedbythemessageisencodedintheexplicitcodearelabeledlow-context.

II.Answerthefollowingquestions（简答题）

1.Givesomebasicrulesofboysorgirlsinteraction

2.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture

Chineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesay'

no'

weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignores'

weillacceptit.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitality.Whilewesternersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdon’ttopress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.

3.WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?

IntheWest,itisregardedaspolitetoopengiftsassoonastheyaregiventoexpressappreciation.InChina,thesituationisquitethereverse.NormallyweChinesefeelthatifyouopenthegiftassoonasitisgiven,youmightembarrassthepersonwhogivesthegiftandyoumightbethoughtgreedy.Therefore,Chinesepeopletendtoopenthegiftsafterthevisitorshaveleft.

InChina,manypeoplesendgiftswithoutwrappingthem,andiftheywrapthem,theyusuallytellthereceiverwhatisinside,andthereceiverwillthankthesenderandputthegiftasidewithoutunwrappingthemsincetheyalreadyknowwhatisinside.Englishreceiversopenthegiftsinfrontofthesendersofthegifts.

4.Explaintheterm“interculturalcommunicationcompetence”anditsthreecomponents.

Theinterculturalcompetencereferstotheabilitytounderstandandadaptthetargetculture.Interculturalcommunicativecompetenceinvolvescognitive,affectiveandoperationalaspects,whichareinseparableinreality.Theinterrelatednessofcognitive,affective,andoperationalcomponentsisveryimportantintheimprovementofthecommunicator’sinterculturalcommunicationcompetence.Therearealsothreeaspectsintermsofaffectivecomponents:

adaptationmotivation,Identityflexibilityandestheticco-orientation,Thecognitiveaspectsofinterculturalcommunicationcompetencearethementalcapacitiesofcomprehensionandabilitytounderstandthemeaningsofvariousverbalandnonverbalcodes.OperationalcomponentsarethatIndividuals’capacitytoexpresscognitiveandaffectiveexperiencesoutwardlyisshownthroughspecificbehaviors.

1.TheobstaclesofstudyingInterculturalcommunication

2.WhydomanyChinesepeopletendtoaskaboutage,martialstatus,andevensalarywhenfirstmeetingoneanother?

Tothem,theseareopenconversationaltopics.Knowingaperson’sagehelpsthemuseappropriatetermsofaddress.AndChinesepeoplepayalotofattentiontofamilylife,sonaturallytalkoffamilymembersfeaturesasacommontopic.Astosalary,sincethereisanationalsystemofsalaries,peopleusuallydon’tconsideritasecretandtheytalkaboutitopenly.

3.AnalyzetheculturalvariationsinselectingnegotiatorsinAmericaandJapan

4.Whatwouldyoudoifastrangerpronouncedyournameincorrectly?

5.Whatarethefivebasicthemesinindividualistculture?

1）Thereisatendencyforforeignerstotreatstrangersasequals,seeninthepolitenesswithwhichforeignerstreatout-groupmembersandtheirwillingnesstofollowpublicrulesandlawsthatguaranteetherightsofall.2）Thereisadesireforindependenceandseparateness,foundinforeigners'

needsfortheirownprivacyandautonomyandinthefreedomtheygivetochildren.3）Thereisalackofinhibitiononthepartofforeignersintermsofexpressivebehaviors,seenintheirlackofconcernaboutdrawingattentiontothemselvesandtheirwillingnesstodisclosefeelingsandemotions.4）Thereisalackofunderstandingifthereciprocalbondsanddutiesthatregulatein-groupmembers,foundinforeigners'

casualattitudestowardshospitality.5）Thereisalackofconcernatpublicdisplaysofphysicalorsexualintimacy.

6.AnalyzethecharacteristicsinMasculinecommunicationculture

7.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishKinTerms?

InChineseculture,peoplerefertopeoplestrictlyaccordingtothekinterms.Itiscompletelyunacceptabletorefertoone'

sparentsbyusingthenames.Whenchildrenaddressrelatives,Chinesekintermstellwhethertheyareolderoryoungerthantheirfatherormother.Chinesekintermstellwhethertherelativesarefromthemother'

orfather'

ssideandwhetherone'

sbrother,sisterorcousinisolderoryoungerthanhe/she.Chinesekintermsarealsotootherpeoplewhoarenotone'

srelatives;

kintermsarewidelyusedtoaddressknownorunknownpeople

WhileinEnglishculture,insomefamiliesinWesterncountries,somechildrenaddresstheirparentsdirectlybytheirfirstnames.InBritain,childrenareexpectedtoaddresstheparents'

brotherandsisterswiththetitleofUncleorAuntplustheirnamesandsometimessimplyaddressthembyfirstnamewithoutatitle.Englishkintermsdon’ttellwhethertherelativesarefromthemother'

sside,andtherearenotdistinctkintermsforelderbrotheroryoungerbrother.KintermsarenotasfrequentlyusedasinChinese.Inallkindsofsocialsituations,eitherformallyorinformally,peoplewon'

tusekintermstoaddresseachotheriftheyarenotrelatives.

8.Statesixprinciplesforeffectivecross-gendercommunication.

9.WhatisthesignificanceofNonverbalCommunication?

Nonverbalbehaviorisasignificantareaofcommunicationstudyforatleastthree

reasons.

Nonverbalbehavioraccountsformuchofthemeaningwegetfromconversations.

Nonverbalbehaviorspontaneouslyreflectsthesubconsciousness.

Wecannotavoidcommunicatingthroughnonverbalsignals.

Besides,nonverbalbehaviorissignificantbecausenonverbalcommunicationcan

beopentomanyinterpretations.

10.DescribetheU.S.culturalpatternswiththefivevalueorientationcategories.

PeopleintheUnitedStatesgenerallybelieveinasupremeGodoruniversalspiritandbelievethattheycancontrolnature.Theyhavealotoffaithinscienceandtechnologyandarematerialistic.Theygetasenseofidentityfromworkandgenerallyseparateworkfromplay.People,intheUnitedStatesareefficient,practical,andseeprogressandchangeasagoodthing.Theyplaceahighvalueontimeandhaveafuturetimeorientation,althoughtheyoftendivideitintoshort-termgoals.

PeopleintheUnitedStatesdonotagreeaboutwhetherhumansarenaturallygood,bad,oramixtureofboth.However,twobeliefsrelatedtohumannature—rationalityandmutability---arestillbelievedbymanyintheUnitedStates.Oneofthemos