高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析Word格式文档下载.docx

高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析Word格式文档下载.docx

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ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"

Weneedtobebold（大胆的）onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'

slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."

Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"

Atthecurrentrate,theworld'

soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."

However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.

（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?

A. 

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.

B. 

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.

C. 

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.

D. 

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.

（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"

thisone"

inthefourthparagraphreferto?

TheLarsenCiceshelf.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.

（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?

ItisasbigasLondon.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。

冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统，可知选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'

soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米，选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇环境类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

TheAlexandertechnique

Untilearlierthisyear,Ididn'

tknowanythingabouttheAlexandertechnique—andsawnoreasontothinkIshould.Oneday,thebackacheIregularlysufferedwasmorepainful.Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'

llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.Afterexaminingme,hesaid,"

Youactuallyhavebadposture（姿势）.GooffandlearntheAlexandertechnique."

ThreemonthslaterIcouldwalkstraighterandsitbetter.

TheAlexandertechniqueisawayoflearninghowyoucangetridofharmfultensioninyourbody.Theteachingfocusesontheneck,headandback.Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.Thereislittleeffortinthelessonsthemselves,whichsetsaparttheAlexandertechniquefromyogaorpilates,whichareexercise-based.Atypicallessoninvolvesstandinginfrontofachairandlearningtositandstandwithminimumeffort.Youspendsometimelyingonabenchwithyourkneesbenttostraightenthespine（脊椎）andrelaxyourbodywhiletheteachermovesyourarmsandlegstotrainyoutomovethemcorrectly.

Thetechniquehelpstobreakthebadhabitsaccumulatedoveryears.Tryfoldingyourarmstheoppositewaytonormal.Thisisanexampleofahabitthebodyhasformedwhichcanbehardtobreak.Manyofuscarryourheadstoofarback.Theheadweighsfourtosixkilos,soanyinappropriateposturecancauseproblemsforthebody.Thetechniqueteachesyoutoletgoofthemusclesholdingtheheadback,allowingittogobacktoitsnaturalplaceonthetopofourspines.

SowhowasAlexanderandhowdidhecomeupwiththetechnique?

FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal（声音的）problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.HebroughthistechniquetoLondonandopenedateacher-trainingschool,whichisstillsuccessfultoday.

Soifyou'

rewalkingalongtheroadonedaywithshouldersbentforward,feelingweigheddownbyyourtroubles,giveathoughttotheAlexandertechnique.Itwillhelpyouwalktallagain.

（1）WhatdoestheauthorsuggestinParagraph1?

Shefeltnobetterafterthetreatment.

ShegotboredwiththeAlexandertechnique.

Shewasscepticalaboutthedoctor'

smethod.

Shewasunwillingtoseektreatmentforherbackache.

（2）WhatistheprincipleoftheAlexandertechnique?

Physicaltensionshouldn'

tbecompletelyrelieved.

Thetechniqueshouldn'

tbecombinedwithotherexercises.

Thepracticeofthetechniqueshouldn'

tbeattemptedalone.

Familiarphysicalactionsshouldn'

tbedonewithmucheffort.

（3）WhatcanwelearnaboutFrederickAlexander?

Hemanagedtorecoverhisvocalpowers.

Hewaseagertomakeanameforhimself.

Hedevelopedaformofexerciseforactors.

Hehadtoleavehometodevelophistechnique.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Theoccurrenceofbackpainiswidespread.

Alexanderimprovedthetechniquetotreatbodypain.

TheAlexandertechniquehelpsovercomepostureproblems.

Peoplewithbackpainarevictimsofinappropriatepostures.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Iwasbroughtuptothinkthatthepreferredwayofdealingwithachesistodonothingandhopethey'

llgoaway,butIeventuallywenttothedoctor.”可知，作者从小就被灌输这样的思维，处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是却最终不得不去看医生，故可知，作者看医生都是迫不得已，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Ittrainsyoutouseyourbodylessseverelyandcarryoutthemovementsthatwedoallthetimewithlesseffort.”可知，亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体，用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作，故可知，该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“FrederickAlexander,anAustralianactorbornin1869,foundinhisyouththathehadvocal（声音的）problemsduringperformances.Heanalyzedhimselfandrealizedhisposturewasbad.Heworkedonimprovingit,withexcellentresults.”可知，弗雷德里克·

亚历山大，一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员，在年轻的时候声音出了问题。

他做了分析，意识到自己的姿势不正确，因此致力于改善姿势，结果很好，故可知，他通过矫正姿势，解决了自己的声音问题，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者，故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

Hackingisn'

tjustforcomputersandsmartphones,AccordingtoastudypublishedlastweekinthejournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'

sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.

Photosynthesis（光合作用）isthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistswhoconductedthenewstudysaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergyavailabletotherm.Butbyhackingaplant'

sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.

Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'

sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,"

saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi,co-authorofthestudy.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff,buttheprocessisslow.

StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant'

sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses（镜片）darkenandlightendependingon