清华保送模拟一Word下载.docx
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Mostpeopleoftendreamatnight.Whentheywakeinthemorningtheysaytothemselves,“WhatastrangedreamIhad!
Iwonderwhatmademedreamthat.”Sometimesdreamsarefrightening.Sometimes,indreams,wishescometrue.Atothertimeswearetroubledbystrangedreamsinwhichtheworldseemstohavebeenturnedupside-downandnothingmakessense.
Indreamswedothingswhichwewouldneverdowhenwereawake.Wethinkandsaythingswewouldneverthinkandsay.Whyaredreamssostrangeandunfamiliar?
Wheredodreamscomefrom?
NoonehasproducedamoresatisfyinganswerthanamancalledSigmundFreud.Hesaidthatdreamscomefromapartofonesmindwhichonecanneitherrecognizenorcontrol.Henamedthisthe“unconsciousmind”.
SigmundFreudwasbornaboutahundredyearsago.HelivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria,butendedhisdaysinLondon,soonafterthebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar.ThenewworldsFreudexploredwereinsidemanhimself.Fortheunconsciousmindislikeadeepwell,fullofmemoriesandfeelings.Thesememoriesandfeelingshavebeenstoredtherefromthemomentofourbirth.Ourconsciousmindhasforgottenthem.Wedonotsuspectthattheyarethereuntilsomeunhappyorunusualexperiencecausesustoremember,ortodreamdreams.Thensuddenlyweseethesamethingandfeelthesamewaywefeltwhenwewerelittlechildren.
ThisdiscoveryofFreud’sisveryimportantifwewishtounderstandwhypeopleactastheydo.Fortheunconsciousforcesinsideusareatleastaspowerfulastheconsciousforcesweknowabout.Sometimeswedothingswithoutknowingwhy.Ifwedont,thereasonsmayliedeepinourunconsciousminds.
WhenFreudwasachildhecaredaboutthesufferingsofothers,soitisntsurprisingthathebecameadoctorwhenhegrewup.Helearnedallaboutthewayinwhichthehumanbodyworks.Buthebecamemoreandmorecuriousaboutthehumanmind.HewenttoParistostudywithafamousFrenchdoctor,Charcot.Atthattimeitseemedthatnooneknewverymuchaboutthemind.Ifapersonwentmad,or“outofhismind”,therewasnotmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutit.Peopledidntunderstandatallwhatwashappeningtothemadman.Hadhebeenpossessedbyadevil
orevilspirit?
WasGodpunishinghimforwrongdoing?
Oftensuchpeoplewereshutawayfromtheordinarypeopleasiftheyhaddonesometerriblecrime.
Thisisstilltruetodayinmanyplaces.Doctorsprefertoexperimentonthosepartsofamanwhichtheycanseeandexamine.Ifyoucutamansheadopenyoucanseehisbrain.Butyoucantseehisthoughtsorideasordreams.
InFreud’sdayfewdoctorswereinterestedinthesesubjects.Freudwantedtoknowhowourmindswork.HelearnedalotfromCharcot.HereturnedtoViennain1886andbeganworkasadoctorinnervediseases.Hegotmarriedandbegantoreceivemoreandmorepatientsathome.Mostofthepatientswhocametoseehimwerewomen.
Theywereoverexcitedandanxious,sickinmindratherthaninbody.Medicinedidnothelpthem.Freudwasfullofsympathybuthecoulddolittletomakethembetter.
Thenonedayafriend,DrJosefBreuer,cametoseehim.HetoldFreudaboutagirlhewaslookingafter.Thegirlseemedtogetbetterwhenshewasallowedtotalkaboutherself.ShetoldDrBreuereverythingthatcameintohermind.Andeachtimeshetalkedtohimsherememberedmoreaboutherlifeasalittlechild.Freudwasexcitedwhenheheardthis.Hebegantotrytocurehispatientsinthesameway.
Heaskedabouttheeventsoftheirearlychildhood.Heurgedthemtotalkabouttheirownexperiencesandrelationships.Hehimselfsaidverylittle.Often,ashelistened,hispatientsrelivedmomentsfromtheirpastlife.Theytrembledwithangerandfear,hateandlove.TheyactedasthoughFreudwastheirfatherormotherorlover.Thedoctordidnotmakeanyattempttostopthem.Hequietlyacceptedwhatevertheytoldhim,thegoodthingsandthebad.Alsooneyoungwomanwhocametohimcouldn’tdrinkanything,althoughshewasverythirsty.Somethingpreventedherfrom
drinking.Freuddiscoveredthereasonforthis.Oneday,astheyweretalking,thegirlrememberedhavingseenadogdrinkfromhernursesglass.Shehadnttoldthenurse,whomshedisliked.Shehadforgottenthewholeexperience.Butsuddenlythischildhoodmemoryreturnedtomind.WhenshehadtolditalltoDrFreud—thenurse,thedog,theglassofwater—thegirlwasabletodrinkagain.
Freudcalledthistreatmentthe“talkingcure”.LateritwascalledpsychoanalysisWhenpatientstalkedfreelyaboutthethingsthatweretroublingthemtheyoftenfeltbetter.
ThethingsthatpatientstoldhimsometimesgaveFreudashock.Hediscoveredthatthefeelingsofveryyoungchildrenarenotsodifferentfromthoseoftheirparents.
Asmallboymaylovehismothersomuchthathewantstokillhisfather.Atthesametimeheloveshisfatherandisdeeplyashamedofthiswish.Itisdifficulttolivewithsuchmixedfeelings,sotheyfadeawayintotheunconsciousmindandonlyreturnintroubleddreams.Itwashardtobelievethatpeoplecouldbecomeblind,orlosethepowerofspeech,becauseofwhathadhappenedtothemwhentheywerechildren.
Freudwasattackedfromallsidesforwhathediscovered.Buthealsofoundfirmfriends.Manypeoplebelievedthathehadatlastfoundawaytounlockthesecretsofthehumanmind,andtohelppeoplewhowereverymiserable.Hehadfoundtheanswertomanyoflifesgreatquestions.Hebecamefamousallovertheworldandtaughtotherstousethetalkingcure.Hisinfluenceonmodernart,literatureandsciencecannotbemeasured.Peoplewhowrotebooksandplays,peoplewhopaintedpicturesandpeoplewhoworkedinschools,hospitalsandprisonsalllearnedsomethingfromthegreatmanwhodiscoveredawayintotheunconsciousmind.NotallofFreudsideasareacceptedtoday.Butothershavefollowedwhereheledandhavehelpedustounderstandourselvesbetter.Becauseofhim,andthem,thereismorehopetodaythantherehaseverbeenbeforeforpeoplewhowereoncejustcalled“crazy”.
1.Sofar,Freudistheonlyonewhocan.
A)studyhumansthoughts,ideasanddreams
B)provideusthemostsatisfyingreplytowheredreamscomefrom
C)tellusthereasonwhywewilldreamatnight
D)offerussomehelpinmentalproblems
2.Freud.
A)spentmostofhislifeinViennaaswellasLondon
B)endedhislifeafterWorldWarII
C)spendmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria
D)passedawayinAustriabeforetheWorldWarⅡ
3.WhenFreudwasagrownup,.
A)hewasmoreinterestedinhumanmindthanthewaythehumanbodyworks
B)hefocusedhisstudyonthehumanmindinsteadofhumanbody
C)heshiftedhisattentiontothestudyofpsychology
D)hewasmostinterestedinthestudyofhowhumanbodyworks
4.InFreudsday,.
A)anumberofdoctorsconcentratedonthehumansdreams
B)alotofstudentsadmiredFreudsstudyverymuch
C)nodoctorwouldliketoworkwithFreudtogether
D)nodoctorswereinterestedinhumansideas,thoughtsordreams
5.Accordingtothepassage,DrJosefBreuer.
A)gaveFreudsomehelpinFreudsstudy
B)wasoneoftheworkmatesofFreud
C)wasadoctorwhospecializedinthestudyofhumanbody
D)offeredsomeadviceinFreudsstudy
6.Accordingtothepassage,psychoanalysiswasaprocess.
A)inwhichpatientswouldnotparticipate
B)inwhichpatientsmustsaysomethinggreattheyencounteredbefore
C)inwhichpatientscoulddowhattheyliketodo
D)inwhichpatientscouldspeakouthisbadfortunefreelyinordertomake
themselvesreassured
7.Freudfoundwithashockthat.
A)youngchildrenandtheirparentscouldn‘tstaytogetherforalongtime
B)youngchildrenwerealwaysobedienttotheirparents
C)youngchildrenwerenotsodifferentfromtheirparentsinfeelings
D)youngchildrenandhisparentsdifferedlargelyinfeelings
8.AlthoughmuchattackpointedtoFreud,itwasalsothoughtbymanypeoplethat
Freudhadawaytouncoverthesecretsofandtohelpmiserablepeople.
9.Accordingtothepassage,itishardlytomeasureFreud’sinfluenceonmodern
art,.
10.Accordingtothepassage,atpresentFreudsstudybringsalotofhopeto
peopleoncecalled“”.
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.ThenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewordsonAnswerSheet2.
Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ManyworkerswhoworkedintheWorldTradeCenteraftertheSeptembereleventhattacksbecamesick.Theybreathedamixofdust,smokeandchemicalsintheruinsoftheTwinTowersandathirdbuildingthatfell.Somewentclayswithoutgoodprotectionfortheirlungs.Fiveyearslater,manyofthethousandswhoworkedat
GroundZerointheearlydaysaftertheattacksstillhavehealthproblems.DoctorsatMountSinaiMedicalCenterinNewYorkCityhaveannouncedtheresultsofthelargeststudyoftheseworkers.Thestudyconfirmedhighratesofbreathingproblemsinmembersofthebuildingtrades,firefighters,policeofficersandotherworker