Unit 2Word文档格式.docx

Unit 2Word文档格式.docx

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Inthefollowingyearsmanyflightsweremadebyballoon.Someoftheflightswereforpleasureandotherswerefordeliveringmailandformilitarypurposes,suchasobservationandevenbombing.However,inthelatenineteenthcentury,airshipssupersededballoonsasaformoftransport.

Airshipscameafterballoons.ThefirstpoweredandmannedflightwasmadebyaFrenchman,Giffard,inSeptember1852.Hisairship,poweredbysteam,traveledtwenty-sevenkilometersfromParistoTrappesataspeedofeightkilometersperhour.Howeverthedaysoftheairshipwerenumberedastheaeroplanebecameincreasinglysafeandpopular.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.

1.Thispassageisabouttheearlyhistoryofflying.

2.Thekeywordsarejlving.designs.anItalianartist.fifteenthcentury:

eighteenthcentury.flv.float.balloons:

hot-airballoon.April1783:

airships.September1852:

aeroplane.

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue

BuyingaCar

A:

Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?

B:

Yes,I'

minterestedinbuyingacar.

Haveyouanythinginmind?

Notreally.

Whatpriceareyouthinkingof?

Notmorethan£

13,500.

Let'

sseenow...OvertherebetweentheLanciaandtheVolvoisaMini.Itcosts£

12,830andischeaptorun:

Itdoes38milespergallon.Orthere'

stheCitroen,behindtheMini.Itcosts£

12,070andisevencheapertorunthantheMini:

Itdoes45milespergallon.It'

snotveryfastthough.Itonlydoes69milesperhour.

No,IthinktheMiniandtheCitroenaretoosmall.I'

vegotthreechildren.Isn'

tthereanythingbiggeratthatprice?

Well,there'

stheToyotaoverthere,totheleftofthePeugeot.It'

sverycomfortableandcosts£

13,040.It'

scheaptoruntoo,anditalsohasabuilt-inradio.Orthere'

stheRenaultatthebackoftheshowroom,behindthePeugeot.Itcostsalittlemore,£

13,240,butitischeapertorun.Itdoes40milespergallonandtheToyotaonlydoes36milespergallon.

WhataboutthatVolkswagenoverthere,infrontoftheToyota?

Thatcostsalittlemorethan£

13,500butit'

saveryreliablecar.It'

smoreexpensivetorunthantheothers:

Itdoes34milespergallon,butit'

sfaster.Itstopspeedis90milesperhour.TheToyota'

sis80milesperhourandtheRenault'

sis82milesperhour.

Howmuchdoesitcost?

£

13,630andthatincludesa5-yearguarantee.

AndtheFiatnexttotheVolkswagen?

Againthat'

smorethan£

13,500,butit'

scheaperthantheVolkswagen.Itcosts£

13,550.

Hmmwell,I'

llhavetothinkaboutitandstudythesepamphlets.HowmuchisthatPeugeotincidentally,behindtheLancia?

Oh,that'

sexpensive.Itcosts£

15,190.

Yes,thatisabittoomuch.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.Goodbye.

R

£

13.240

40m/g

82m/h

T.

13.040

36m/g

80m/h

1£

1/1901

k

12.070

45m/g

69m/h

13~5501

VW

16~2401

M

15~8501

13.630

12.830

34m/g

38m/g

90m/h

.

Part2Passage

TheWrights’Story

1.OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:

30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.

2.Underthedirectionoftheoperatoritclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached.

3.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"

Flyer"

madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.

4.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuveringinsogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.

5.Inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtheruddertoofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.

OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:

30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thestartswereallmadefromapointonthelevelsandabout200feetwestofourcamp,whichislocatedaquarterofamilenorthoftheKillDevilsandhill,inDareCounty,NorthCarolina.

Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocity*of27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometer*attheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.

Theflightsweredirectlyagainstthewind.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.

Afterarunofabout40feetalongamonorail*track,whichheldthemachine8inches（20centimeters）fromtheground,itrosefromthetrackandunderthedirectionoftheoperatorclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached,afterwhichthecoursewaskeptasnearhorizontalasthewindgustsandthelimitedskilloftheoperatorwouldpermit.

IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"

Ithadpreviouslybeendecidedthatforreasonsofpersonalsafetythesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossible.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuvering*insogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.Consequentlythefirstflightwasshort.

Thesucceedingflightsrapidlyincreasedinlengthandatthefourthtrialaflightof59secondswasmade,inwhichtimethemachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairandadistanceof852feetovertheground.

Thelandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Afterpassingoveralittlehummock*ofsand,inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtherudder*toofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.Thereversemovementoftherudderwasafractionofasecondtoolatetopreventthemachinefromtouchingthegroundandthusendingtheflight.

Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,weshouldhavepostponedthetrialstoamorefavorableseason,butweweredeterminedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterous*winds,aswellasincalmair.

ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion

OrvilleWright（1871-1948）,Americanaeronauticalengineer,famousforhisroleinthefirstcontrolled,poweredflightinaheavier-than-airmachineandforhisparticipationinthedesignoftheaircraft'

scontrolsystem.Wrightworkedcloselywithhisbrother,WilburWright（1867-1912）,Americanaeronauticalengineer,indesigningandflyingtheWrightairplane.

Duringtheyears1900,1901,1902,and1903,thetwobrothersdevelopedthefirsteffectiveairplane.AtKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,onDecember17,1903,OrvilleWrightmadethefirstsuccessfulflightofapiloted,heavier-than-air,self-propelledcraft,calledtheFlyer.ThethirdFlyer,whichtheWrightsconstructedin1905,wastheworld'

sfirstfullypracticalairplane.Itcouldbank,turn,circle,makefigureeights,andremainintheairforaslongasthefuellasted,uptohalfanhouronoccasion.

ExerciseBSentenceDictation

Directions:

Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.

ExerciseCDetailedListening

Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.FourflightsweremadeonthemorningofDecember17,1903,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.

2.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocityof27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometerattheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.

3.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.

4.Themachineranabout40feetalongamonorailtrackbeforeitrosefrom