Unit 2Word文档格式.docx
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Inthefollowingyearsmanyflightsweremadebyballoon.Someoftheflightswereforpleasureandotherswerefordeliveringmailandformilitarypurposes,suchasobservationandevenbombing.However,inthelatenineteenthcentury,airshipssupersededballoonsasaformoftransport.
Airshipscameafterballoons.ThefirstpoweredandmannedflightwasmadebyaFrenchman,Giffard,inSeptember1852.Hisairship,poweredbysteam,traveledtwenty-sevenkilometersfromParistoTrappesataspeedofeightkilometersperhour.Howeverthedaysoftheairshipwerenumberedastheaeroplanebecameincreasinglysafeandpopular.
Exercise
Directions:
Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.
1.Thispassageisabouttheearlyhistoryofflying.
2.Thekeywordsarejlving.designs.anItalianartist.fifteenthcentury:
eighteenthcentury.flv.float.balloons:
hot-airballoon.April1783:
airships.September1852:
aeroplane.
SectionTwoListeningComprehension
Part1Dialogue
BuyingaCar
A:
Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?
B:
Yes,I'
minterestedinbuyingacar.
Haveyouanythinginmind?
Notreally.
Whatpriceareyouthinkingof?
Notmorethan£
13,500.
Let'
sseenow...OvertherebetweentheLanciaandtheVolvoisaMini.Itcosts£
12,830andischeaptorun:
Itdoes38milespergallon.Orthere'
stheCitroen,behindtheMini.Itcosts£
12,070andisevencheapertorunthantheMini:
Itdoes45milespergallon.It'
snotveryfastthough.Itonlydoes69milesperhour.
No,IthinktheMiniandtheCitroenaretoosmall.I'
vegotthreechildren.Isn'
tthereanythingbiggeratthatprice?
Well,there'
stheToyotaoverthere,totheleftofthePeugeot.It'
sverycomfortableandcosts£
13,040.It'
scheaptoruntoo,anditalsohasabuilt-inradio.Orthere'
stheRenaultatthebackoftheshowroom,behindthePeugeot.Itcostsalittlemore,£
13,240,butitischeapertorun.Itdoes40milespergallonandtheToyotaonlydoes36milespergallon.
WhataboutthatVolkswagenoverthere,infrontoftheToyota?
Thatcostsalittlemorethan£
13,500butit'
saveryreliablecar.It'
smoreexpensivetorunthantheothers:
Itdoes34milespergallon,butit'
sfaster.Itstopspeedis90milesperhour.TheToyota'
sis80milesperhourandtheRenault'
sis82milesperhour.
Howmuchdoesitcost?
£
13,630andthatincludesa5-yearguarantee.
AndtheFiatnexttotheVolkswagen?
Againthat'
smorethan£
13,500,butit'
scheaperthantheVolkswagen.Itcosts£
13,550.
Hmmwell,I'
llhavetothinkaboutitandstudythesepamphlets.HowmuchisthatPeugeotincidentally,behindtheLancia?
Oh,that'
sexpensive.Itcosts£
15,190.
Yes,thatisabittoomuch.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.Goodbye.
R
£
13.240
40m/g
82m/h
T.
13.040
36m/g
80m/h
1£
1/1901
k
12.070
45m/g
69m/h
13~5501
VW
16~2401
M
15~8501
13.630
12.830
34m/g
38m/g
90m/h
.
Part2Passage
TheWrights’Story
1.OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:
30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.
2.Underthedirectionoftheoperatoritclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached.
3.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"
Flyer"
madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.
4.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuveringinsogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.
5.Inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtheruddertoofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.
OnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:
30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thestartswereallmadefromapointonthelevelsandabout200feetwestofourcamp,whichislocatedaquarterofamilenorthoftheKillDevilsandhill,inDareCounty,NorthCarolina.
Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocity*of27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometer*attheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.
Theflightsweredirectlyagainstthewind.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.
Afterarunofabout40feetalongamonorail*track,whichheldthemachine8inches(20centimeters)fromtheground,itrosefromthetrackandunderthedirectionoftheoperatorclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached,afterwhichthecoursewaskeptasnearhorizontalasthewindgustsandthelimitedskilloftheoperatorwouldpermit.
IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"
Ithadpreviouslybeendecidedthatforreasonsofpersonalsafetythesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossible.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuvering*insogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.Consequentlythefirstflightwasshort.
Thesucceedingflightsrapidlyincreasedinlengthandatthefourthtrialaflightof59secondswasmade,inwhichtimethemachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairandadistanceof852feetovertheground.
Thelandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Afterpassingoveralittlehummock*ofsand,inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtherudder*toofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.Thereversemovementoftherudderwasafractionofasecondtoolatetopreventthemachinefromtouchingthegroundandthusendingtheflight.
Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,weshouldhavepostponedthetrialstoamorefavorableseason,butweweredeterminedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterous*winds,aswellasincalmair.
ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion
OrvilleWright(1871-1948),Americanaeronauticalengineer,famousforhisroleinthefirstcontrolled,poweredflightinaheavier-than-airmachineandforhisparticipationinthedesignoftheaircraft'
scontrolsystem.Wrightworkedcloselywithhisbrother,WilburWright(1867-1912),Americanaeronauticalengineer,indesigningandflyingtheWrightairplane.
Duringtheyears1900,1901,1902,and1903,thetwobrothersdevelopedthefirsteffectiveairplane.AtKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,onDecember17,1903,OrvilleWrightmadethefirstsuccessfulflightofapiloted,heavier-than-air,self-propelledcraft,calledtheFlyer.ThethirdFlyer,whichtheWrightsconstructedin1905,wastheworld'
sfirstfullypracticalairplane.Itcouldbank,turn,circle,makefigureeights,andremainintheairforaslongasthefuellasted,uptohalfanhouronoccasion.
ExerciseBSentenceDictation
Directions:
Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.
ExerciseCDetailedListening
Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.FourflightsweremadeonthemorningofDecember17,1903,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.
2.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocityof27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometerattheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.
3.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.
4.Themachineranabout40feetalongamonorailtrackbeforeitrosefrom