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4.formaltalksbyprofessorsorinstructorsonsubjectsofstudy

5.coursesbyvideo,videoconferencing,orcomputerstostudentsindifferentplaces

6.thepointsorgradeastudentgetsonatest

答案：

l.thebusorsubway

certificatesanddegrees#

financialaid

academiclectures

distancelearning

score

publictransportation

2.p「oofofcompletionofcoursesofstudents-

3.moneyforstudentsfromscholarships,grantstorloans

4-formaltalksbyprofessorsorinstructorsonsubjectsofstudy

5.coursesbyvideo,videoconferencing,orcomputerstostudentsindifferentplaces：

?

ILReadingComprehension（4points）

Readthepassages,thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.（1pointeach）

ExperiencingCultureShock

AWhenElizaJamesarrivedattheUniversityofXian,shewasexcitedtoliveinanewcountry,toimproveherChinese,andtoexperienceaculturesodifferentfromherown.Butsoonherexcitementturnedtofrustrationassheencounteredoneroadblockafteranother.〃IfeltlikeIcouldn，taccomplishanything.

Mydormroomhadnoheat,Icouldn，tgetintotheclassesIwanted,andeverytimeIaskedsomeoneforhelptheygavemetherunaround.Ifeltlikenoonewaslisteningtome.〃Elizametwithadministrators,sentlettersofcomplaint,andevencontactedtheconsulateinBeijing,butshegotnowhere.WhatElizadidn'

trealizewasthatherAmericanapproachtosolvingproblemswasverydifferentfromtheChineseoneinwhichpatienceandnegotiationskillsarekey.ShesoonlearnedhowtosolveproblemswithintheculturalnormsofChinesesocietyinsteadofforcingherownvaluesontothosearoundher.〃IfinallyfeellikeIfitinandthatIknowwhatI'

mdoing.Infact,it'

sreallyfunbeinginaplacethat'

ssoincrediblydifferentfromwhatIamaccustomedto."

BYoshiYamamotoisajunioratasmallcollegeoutsideofBoston.Althoughheisanhonorsstudentnow,Yoshididn'

talwayshavesuchaneasytimestudyinginAmerica.'

"

TeachingmethodsareverydifferentherethantheyareinJapan.Ittookmealongtimetogetusedtolearninginseminarsanddiscussingideaswithmyclassmates.AtfirstitseemedlikeIwasn'

tactuallylearninganything.z/Yoshi'

sreactionwastototallywithdraw:

hedidn'

tparticipateinclassdiscussion;

hespentlotsoftimealoneinhisroom,andheevenskippedclassonoccasion."

IthoughtIcouldteachmyself.NowIrecognizethevalueoftheU.S.academicsystem,andIamabletoadaptittomyownlearningstyle.〃

CBothElizaandYoshiexperiencedwhatiscalledcultureshock:

psychologicaldisorientationduetolivinginanewculture.Formanyinternationalstudents,studyingabroadcanofferexposuretonewculturesandanopportunitytostudynewfieldsandlanguages.However,italsooffersthegreaterchallengeoftryingtofunctioninaforeignculture.Studyingandreadingaboutacertaincultureispoorpreparationfortherealityoflivinginit.Accordingtopsychologicalstudies,thefourstagesofcultureshockare1.euphoria,

2.hostility,3.gradualadjustment,and4.adaptation.Cultureshockcanbemanifestedinmanyways:

homesickness,boredom,stereotypingoforhostilitytowardsthehostculture,overeatingoroverdrinking,withdrawal,andinabilitytoworkeffectively.

DDifferentpeopleexperiencedifferentlevelsofcultureshockandreactindifferentways.Forexample,ElizagotangrywhileYoshiwithdrewfromsociety.Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatcultureshockisnormal;

itisnotsomethingtobeashamedof.Luckily,therearesomethingsinternationalstudentscandotomaketheiradjustmenttoanewcountrygomoresmoothly.Forinstance,theycanstayintouchwithfamilyandfriendsfromhome,joininternationalstudentorganizations,meetpeoplefromtheirowncountries,andgetinvolvedincampusactivities.Mostimportantly,theycanadjusttolifeabroadbykeepingasenseofhumorandtryingtoremainpositive.

RecognizingParagraphTopics（choosetheparagraphletter）

题目2

7.anexplanationofcultureshock

选择一项：

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

题目3

8.waysthatstudentscanadjusttolivinginanewcountry

题目4

9.theexperienceofaninternationalstudentintheUnitedStates

题目5

10.theexperienceofaninternationalstudentinChina

Chapter2Exercise（分值7分）

I.VocabularySkills（2points）

Sometimesexamplescanexplainthemeaningofawordorphrase.Forexample,sun,rain,andwindareexamplesofkindsofweather.Lookatthecolumnsbelow.Matcheachvocabularywordorphraseinthefirstcolumnwiththeexamplesinthesecondcolumn.（0.4pointseach）

1.kindsofextremeweather

2.Earth'

snaturalmaterialsandgases

3.diseasesorhealthdisorders

4.seasonsoftheyear

5.naturalareasorregionsoftheearth

答案:

1.kindsofextremeweather

blizzards,tornadoes,hurricanes,floods,droughts=

✓

2,Earth'

snaturalmaterialsandgases

coal.oil.carbon,dioxideair,water#

3diseasesorhealthdisorders

stroke,asmma.influenza,pneumonia,headaches#

seasonsoftheyear

Wintertspring,summer,fall#

5naturalareasorregionsoftheearth

oceans,seas,islands,deserts,forestse

ILReadingComprehension（5points）

CompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestfromtheanswersA,BorC.（1pointeach）SeasonalAffectiveDisorder:

MorethanJusttheBlues

AJoshuadreadsthewintermonths,notonlybecauseofthecoldNewEnglandweather--thesleet,snow,wind,andrain一-butbecauseastheseasonschangefromsummertofalltowinter,thedaysgetshorter.Asthedaysgetshorter,hestartsfeelingdepressedandirritableandspendsmoreandmoretimeathome,eatingandsleeping.Agraduatestudentinphilosophy,Joshuafindsthathegetslittleworkdoneduringthewintermonthsandhastroublepayingattentioninclassandconcentratingonhisresearch."

IsoonrealizedthatwhatIthoughtwasjusttheJwinterblues，wassomethingmoreextremethanthat.〃JoshvisitedadoctorwhodiagnosedhimwithSAD.

BSeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isakindofdepressionthatoccursseasonally.Itisassociatedwiththelonghoursofdarknessandlackofsunlightduringthewintermonths（peoplewithSADusuallyfeelworsefromDecemberthroughFebruary）.Scientistsdon'

tcompletelyunderstandtheexactcausesofSAD,buttheybelieveitisrelatedtoabiochemicalimbalanceinthehypothalamus.Thehypothalamusisthebasicpartofthebrainthatcontrolsthebody'

sbreathing,heartbeat,metabolism,andhormonerelease.TheeffectsofSADincludemoodiness,irritability,lowenergy,increasedappetiteforcarbohydrates（foodssuchaspotatoes,rice,andbread）,difficultyconcentrating,andthetendencytooversleep.

CAlthoughdoctorsdescribedSADforthefirsttimein1984,humanshaveprobablydealtwiththedisorderforthousandsofyears.Itisnotacoincidencethatmanycultureshaveimportantcelebrationsduringtheshortdaysofthewintermonths.Christmas,Hanukkah,andWinterSolsticecelebrationsalloccurinDecember.Thesecelebrationsinvolvelightingcandlesinordertobringlight,warmth,andhappinesstoanotherwisedepressingtimeofyear.

DSowhatcanSADsufferersdotofeelbetter?

Naturally,theyneedmorelight.ForpeoplewhohavemildcasesofSAD,exercisinginthemorningsuncouldbeenoughtohelpthem.Phototherapy,orlighttherapy,isusuallyprescribedforpeoplewhohavemoreseriouscasesofthedisorder.Inlighttherapy,patientssitinfrontofalightbox,astrongartificiallight,foruptofourhoursaday.Phototherapyiseffectiveinover80%ofSADcases,andpatientsusuallyseeresultswithinthreetofourdays.AlthoughthesymptomsofSADaresimilartothoseofclinicaldepression,traditionalantidepressantshavenotprovenusefulintreatingSAD.WhilepsychologicalcounselingcannottreatthesymptomsofSAD,itisrecommendedtohelpSADsuffererslearntoacceptanddealwiththeirillness.

6.Joshuastartsfeelingdepressedandirritableinthewinterbecause

A.hegetslittleworkdone

B.hesuffersfromSeasonalAffectiveDisorder

C.heisagraduatestudentinphilosophy

7.SeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isaconditionthatresearchersbelieveaffectspeopleduringthewintermonths.Scientistsbelieveitiscausedby

A.breathing,heartbeat,metabolism,andhormonerelease

B.moodiness,irritability,lossofenergy,increasedappetite,difficultyconcentrating,andsleepiness

C.lackofsunlightandabiochemicalimbalanceinthebrain

8.HumanshaveprobablystruggledwithSADsince

A.ancienttimes

B.December

C.1984

9.PeoplewhosufferfromSADcantofeelbetter.

A.dolighttherapy

B.takeantidepressantdrugs

C.eatcarbohydrates

题目6

10.Thispassagetalksabout.

A.whattheSADeffectsare

B.BothAandB.

C.howtohelpSADsuffers

Chapter3Exercise（分值7分）

I.ReadingComprehension（5points）

Fastfoodcanbegoodfood

Manypeoplearetoobusytoprepareandeatthreenutritiousmealsaday.sotheyturntotheconvenienceoffast-foodrestaurants.Manyoftheitemsatfast-foodrestaurants,snackbars,andfoodstandsarefatteningandnotverynutrit