剑桥商务英语中级阅读全真试题文档格式.docx
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Foreachsentence,markoneletter(A,B,CorD)onyourAnswerSheet.
Youwillneedtousesomeoftheselettersmorethanonce.
1Youwillberesponsiblefortheoperationofacomputersystem.
2Youmustbeabletoforecastwhatpeoplewillwanttowear.
3Youwillbeabletoworkwithpeoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandbackgrounds.
4Youwillhaveaqualificationwhichcoverstwosubjectareas.
5Itisnecessarytohaveworkedinthissectorbefore.
6Youwillneedtokeepincontactwiththeheadquartersoftheorganization.
7Theadvertisementemphasisestheneedtohaveasuitableapproachtoimportantpeople.
A
BUSINESSMANAGER
Youwillberesponsibleforourglobalbusinesswithinspecificcountriesandwillhaveagoodunderstandingofinternationaldistribution,possiblybasedonpreviousexperience,plustheabilitytoworkinmarketsthatarehighlyvariedintheirculture.Youwillbefluentinasecondlanguage,bewillingtotravelextensively,andpreferablyhaveadegree.
B
DEPARTMENTSTOREBUYER
BasedatourheadofficeinLondon,youwillselectandorderstockfromoursuppliersinItaly.YouwillneedtopredictfashiontrendsandbuildastrongrelationshipwithourItalianoffice.Youwillhavegainedyourbuyingexperienceinwomen’sfashionandwillholdadegreeindesignwithabusinessstudiescomponent.
C
LEGALSERVICESADMINISTRATOR
Asheadofthelegaloffice,yourworkwillincludemanagingtheofficeITnetwork,typingreports,diarymaintenanceandsupervisionofanotherstaffmember.Youwillneedgoodorganizationalskillsinordertokeepaheadofavariedworkload.Youwillbedealingwithseniorexecutivesandgovernmentofficials,soamatureandefficientmannerisessential
D
REGIONALLEISURESITESMANAGER
Youwillberesponsibleforbudgetaryplanning,contractnegotiations,localmarketingandeffectiveadministration.Youwillcommunicatefrequentlywithourmainofficeusingthelatesttechnology.Yourexperiencecouldbefromanybusinesssectorbutyoushouldenjoyoutdoorlifeandwillideallypossessanestatemanagementqualification.
PARTTWO
Questions8-12
·
Readtheextractbelowfromanarticleaboutthecoffeeindustry.
Choosethebestsentencefromthelistontheoppositepagetofilleachofthegaps.
Foreachgap8-12,markoneletter(A-I)onyourAnswerSheet.
Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.
Coffeeisworthapproximately$50-60bnperannumintermsofworldsales.Itisatrulyinternationalcommodity,andtodaymorethan50countriesintheworldgrowcoffeebeans.(example)______I_____.ICOorganizationhelpscoffeeproducersandpromotescoffeeconumptionworldwide.
ICOestimatesthatworldproductionnextyearwillreach97.5millionbags.11.3millionbagshigherthanthecurrentyear.(8)____________.Asthelargestproducingcountry,Brazilisparticularlyimportantinthecoffeeworld.In1994Brazilwasresponsiblefor25%ofworldproduction,Colombiawasnextwith13.4%,Indonesiahad7.5%,Mexico4.7%,Guatemala3.8%andEthiopiaandVietnamwereequalwith3.4%.
Coffeeisatoughcrop,andcanbegrowninareaswhereitisdifficultorimpossibletogrowothercrops.(9)However,diseaseisalwaysproblemforcoffeeproduction,aswecanseeinsomepartsofSouthAmericaatthemoment.ICOisactiveineducatingfarmersaboutavoidingdiseaseanddealingwithproblemswhentheyoccur.
Thedistributionchainvariesfromcountrytocountry,explainsPabloDubois.Inmostcountriesthesmallerfarmersselltheircroptoalocaltrader,whothensellsitontoexporters.Thereare,however,otherdistributionsystems.(10)____________.Somecountries,likeVietnam,havespecialgovernmentmarketingorganizationsforcoffee.
Coffeepricesoftenvarygreatlyfromoneyeartothenext.In1997,forexample,therewasalargeriseintheworldprice,whichwasimmediatelyfeltbytheconsumer.Risingpricesalwaysresultinadropinsales,whichwillhaveabadeffectonthosedevelopingcountries,whicharehighlydependentonforeignexchangefromcoffeeexports.(11)____________.
IntheopinionofPabloDubois,thebiggestproblemforhisorganisationistocreategreaterconsumerawarenessofthedifferentvarietiesofcoffeeanddifferentwaysofpreparingit.(12)____________.ICOisthereforeconcentratingitspromotionalactivitiesonRussiaandChina.Itisalsoencouragingenvironmentallyfriendlycoffeeproduction,andlastyear’sseminaroncoffeeandtheenvironmentcreatedalotofinterest.
Thefuturelooksbrightforthecoffeeindustry.Itisestimatedthatconsumptionoverthenextfewyearswillcontinuetorisesteadily.NewmarketslikeEasternEuropeandChinaareexpectedtodevelopfast.
A.Asaresult,themembershipnowrepresents94%ofallexportersand60%ofallimporters.
B.Insomeofthesecountries,thiscanamounttoasmuchas50%ofallexportearning.
C.InNorthAmerica,mostconsumersalreadyhaveaboveaverageknowledgeoftherangeavailable.
D.Forexample,frostandwindareparticularlydamagingtocoffeecrops.
E.Largercoffeegrowers,forexample,frequentlyexportdirectly.
F.ThemainreasonforthisishigherBrazilianoutputasproductionrecoversfromweatherdamagetocrops.
G.Itiscultivatedinmountainregionswhichcanonlybereachedbyanimaltransport,andinotherdifficultareaswheremodernagriculturalequipmentcannotbeused.
H.ThisisbecausethereisademandforcoffeeinGermany,anditisalsosoldintheUKandintheUS.
I.Thismakethecoffeeindustryfairlyuniversal,accordingtoPabloDubois,HeadoftheInternationalCoffeeOrganisation(ICO),basedinLondon.
PARTTHREE
Questions13-20
Readthearticlebelowaboutstressmanagement,andanswerquestions13-20ontheoppositepage.
ALessonInStressManagement
Demandsplacedonusatworkcanoftenleadtoconsiderableworryanddiscomfort.Thereare,however,waysofprotectingourselvesfromthestresswefaceatwork.WeinterviewedJaneCollard,aconsultantinstressmanagement.
1.InJaneCollard’sopinion,stressisbecominganincreasinglycommonfeatureoftheworkplace.Stressisahighlyindividualreaction,whichvariesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson,anditisdifficultforsomeemployeestoavoidit.Indeed,stressisregardedbymanyaspartoftheorganizationalcultureofourinstitutions:
itcomeswiththejob.Recentfiguresindicatethattimetakenoffworkbecauseofstresshasincreasedby500percentsincethe1950s.Undoubtedly,changesinworkingconditionshaveledtogreaterpressureatworkatalllevels.Withreductionsinstaffing,workloadsforindividualemployeeshaveincreased.Inaddition,manyemployeesareleftworryingaboutthesecurityoftheirjobs.
2.Onthestressmanagementcoursesthatsheruns,JaneCollardtriestomakethetraineesrealisethatstressinitselfisnotharmful.Everyoneneedsacertainlevelofstresstoenablethemtofeelmotivatedandtoperformeffectively.Acompleteabsenceofstresscanbeasdamagingasoverstress,sinceitcanmakepeopleloseinterestintheirwork,andevenleadtodepression.Thedifficultiesoccurwhentheamountofstressrisesabovealevelwhichishealthyforaparticularindividual.Ifthishappens,theeffectsareveryobviousandthetraineesaretaughttorecognizethesigns.Stressmaybeexpressedphysically,forexamplethroughheadachesandtiredness,orthroughemotionalproblemssuchasdepression.Apersonsufferingfromstressmayalsostarttobehavedifferently,andcanbedifficulttodealwith.
3.Whileitmaynotalwaysbepossibletopreventstress,thereareanumberofwaysinwhichitcanbecontrolled.Thefirstthingthatthetraineeslearnishowtomanagetheirtimeeffectively.Thisinvolves,firstofall,settingrealisticgoalsforboththeshortandlongterm.Oncethisframeworkhasbeenestablished,tasksarethenprioritisedonadailybasis.Thetraineesarealsoremindedthatwhentheyareunderpressurethelessimportantitemsshouldbeleft,andtheyshouldneverhesitatetodelegate.Everyoneisencouragedtolookatwaysofreducing‘wastedtime’,forexamplebygroupingsimilartaskstogetherordealingwithitemsimmedkiately.
4.Janefeelsthatoneofthemostusefulfeaturesofthecourseisthatitenablestraineestodealwiththosedemandsordeadlinesthattheyregardasunreasonable.Theyareencouragedtoavoidbeingdefensive,butatthesametimetheyareadvisednottobeafraidofsaying‘no’.Theyareaskedtogivereasonsonlyifnecessary.Thetraininghelpsthemtoforeseedifficultsituationsorunwanteddemands,andtheylearnhowtopreparethemselvesmentally.Everyoneisencouragednottogetstuckinnegativethoughtpatterns,wherestresscanfeedacircularsenseofhelplessness.Onesolutiontheydiscussistothinkofamoreencouragingalternativeforeachnegativemessage.Theylearn,forexample,toremindthemselvesthatnothingterriblehappenswhenademandisrefusedoradeadlinemissed.Lifegoeson.
Questions13-16
Forquestions13-16,choosethebesttitleforeachnumberedparagraphfromthelistbelow.
Foreachnumberedparagraph1-4,markoneletter(A-G)onyourAnswerSheet.
Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.
AHigherstresslevelsamongtopmanagers
BCopingwithstressthroughapositiveattitude
CTimelostatworkthroughsickness
DCausesofincreasedstressintheworkenvironment
EExplanationsformisseddeadlines
Fstressreductionthro