高考英语 主旨大意型44Word文件下载.docx

高考英语 主旨大意型44Word文件下载.docx

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AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.

Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:

happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,orneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.

ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid."

Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,"

OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless."

Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.

1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoul

B.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotions

C.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkills

D.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

答案>

B

考点：

主旨大意题

解析：

文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：

东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。

之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：

文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：

不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。

由此判断最佳标题应为

/答案>

/标签-阅读>

（2010上海）

Theelephantwaslyingheavilyonitsside,fastasleep.Afewdogsstartedbarkingatit.Theelephantwokeupinaterribleanger:

itchasedthedogsintothevillagewheretheyranforsafety.

Thatdidn'

tstoptheelephant.Itdestroyedadozenhousesandinjuredseveralpeople.Thevillagerswerescaredandangry.ThensomeonesuggestedcallingParbati,theelephantprincess.

ParbatiBarua'

sfatherwasahunteroftigersandanelephanttamer.HetaughtParbatitorideanelephantbeforeshecouldevenwalk.Healsotaughtherthedangerousartoftheelephantround-up--howtocatchwildelephants.

Parbatihasn'

talwayslivedinthejungle.Afterahappychildhoodhuntingwithherfather,shewassenttoboardingschoolinthecity.ButParbatinevergotusedtobeingthereandmanyyearslatershewentbacktoheroldfife."

Lifeinthecityistoodull.Catchingelephantsisanadventureandtheexcitementlastsfordaysafterthechase,"

shesays.

ButParbatidoesn'

tcatchelephantsjustforfun."

Mywork,"

shesays,"

istorescuemanfromtheelephants,andtokeeptheelephantssafefromman.”AndthisisexactlywhatParbatihasbeendoingformanyyears.Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:

formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland.Itisnowfightingback.Wheneverwildelephantsenterateagardenoravillage,Parbatiiscalledtoguidetheanimalsbacktothejunglebeforetheycankill.

Theworkofanelephanttameralsoinvolvesloveanddevotion.Agoodelephanttamerwillspendhoursadaysinginglovesongstoanewlycapturedelephant."

Eventuallytheygrowtolovetheirtamersandneverforgetthem.Theyarealsomoreloyalthanhumans,"

shesaid,assheclimbeduponeofherelephantsandsatonthegiant,happyanimal.Anelephantprincessindeed!

1.ForParbati,catchingelephantsismainlyto.

A.getlonglastingexcitementB.keepbothmanandelephantssafe

C.sendthembacktothejungleD.maketheangryelephantstame

B.本题为归纳概括题。

通读全文可知Parbati主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。

Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"

Employeeturnover（人事变更）andjobperformance:

monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion"

JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.

InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformance,turnoverratesandemployees'

jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'

jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Itwillbeusefuladditionalinformationfortheresearchonpaystructures.

Thefollowingcardincludesabriefsummaryandashortassessmentofaresearchpaper.Itcanprovideaguideforfurtherreadingonthetopic.

1.Theresearchpaperpublishedisprimarilyconcernedwith

A.thewayofpreventingemployeeturnover

B.methodsofimprovingemployeeperformance

C.factorsaffectingemployeeturnoverandperformance

D.paystructuresbasedonemployeeperformance

C.逻辑推理题。

通读全文可知这篇文章介绍的是影响人事变更和工作表现的一些因素。

The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.

AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.

NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon.

TheSun'

sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,"

saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.

Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections（日冕物质抛射）occurintheSun'

satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter.“Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometersperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,"

ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.

NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory（SDO）,whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.

TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares（太阳耀斑）andexplosionsastheyoccur.

ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'

sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"

Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we'

llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'

twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'

scausedtheproblem,"

hesaid.

1.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SolarStorms:

AnInvisibleKiller

B.SolarStorms:

EarthEnvironmentinDanger

C.SolarStorms:

ThreateningtheHumanRace

D.SolarStorms:

HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled

D.通读全文可知整篇文章讨论的是太阳运动所可能会带来的困扰。

（2010福建）

ForgetTwitterandFacebook,GoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeed,formanyofthepoorestregions（地区）oftheworld,itremainsthenextbigthing——finallybecomesgloballyavailable.Andthatisagoodthing,becausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.

Acrossthedevelopingworld,around45%offamilieshadaTVin1995;

by2005thenumberhadclimbedabove60%.ThatissomewaybehindtheU.S.,wherearemoreTVsthanpeople,andwherepeoplenoweasilygetaccesstotheInternet.Fivemillionmorefamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricawillgetaTVoverthenextfiveyears.In2005,afterthefalloftheTaliban（塔利班）,whichhadoutlawedTV,Iin5Afghanshadone.Theglobaltotalisanother150millionby2013——pushingthenumberstowellbeyondtwothirdsoffamilies.

Television’smostpowerfuleffectwillbeonthelivesofwom