人教版高中必修四unit 4Word格式文档下载.docx
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①Eachcoloronthechartadifferentdepartment.
②Thewereallamazedbywhathadhappenedinthefactory.
③OurcompanyhasnoinAfrica.
2.approachvt.接近,走进;
着手处理;
n.接近,临近;
方法,途径
Heapproachedmewithstealthysteps.
Ourapproachscaredthebutterflyanditflewaway.
易混辨析(approach/way/method/means)
approach除了意为“方法”之外,还有“接近”的意思。
anapproachto(介词)“……的方法”。
way构成intheway“用这种方法”;
thewaytodo/thewayofdoing(to为不定式)“做某事的方法”。
method构成withamethod“用一种方法”。
means意为“方式,方法”。
单复数同形,构成bymeansof“通过……方法”。
Heputupanewapproachtothedifficulty.
Canyoutellmethewaytoworkoutthemathsproblem?
Weshouldimproveourteachingmethod,withwhichwecanmakeourselvesunderstoodbetter.
Wearrivedtherebymeansofplane.
(1)单项填空
Thereisnoeasytothemathematics.A.wayB.meansC.methodD.approach
3.defencen.保卫,防御;
防卫设备;
(被告的)答辩;
辩护
常用结构:
indefenceof保卫……;
为……辩护
注意:
defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词against;
若后接“被保护者”时用介词of。
Theforestwillactasadefenceagainstdesertdust.
Thisfortwasoncethemaindefenceoftheisland.
联想拓展:
defendv.防护;
辩护;
防守;
保卫
Thewallwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.
4.closeadv.接近地;
靠近地;
紧密地(常与介词to连用)adj.近的;
接近的;
(关系)密切的;
严密的;
(尤指比赛)势均力敌的v.结束;
关闭;
关
Hishouseisclosetothefactory.。
易混辨析(close/closely)
close是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近,靠近”,可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。
closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”,多用比喻意义,有“亲密地;
严密地;
仔细地”等含义。
由close和closely这种意义上的区别,我们可以很轻松地区别high/highly;
wide/widely;
deep/deeply等一类词。
带–ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义,而不带–ly的副词多用作实际意义。
Thethiefcameclosetohimandstolethemoneyfromhispocket.
Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.
选词填空(close/closely)
2Itwasverycold,sothelittlegirlstoodtohermother.
②Thepolicemanexaminedtheroomtofindthelostjewels.
5.curiousadj.好奇的,感兴趣的;
奇异的,不同寻常的
Theforeigntouristsweresurroundedbythecuriouschildren.
Eg:
Heissufferingfromacuriousdisease.
常用结构
becuriousabout对……感到好奇Ø
becurioustodo急于做/极想做
①curiosityn.好奇②curiouslyadv.好奇地③outofcuriosity出于好奇
单项填空
Iwastofindoutwhathesaid.A.StrangeB.amusingC.curiousD.conscious
6.likelyadj.可能的(表示可能性很大时,可用most,very修饰likely)
①Itislikelythatsb....=sb.islikelytodo...某人可能做某事
易混辨析(possible/probable/likely)
Itispossibleforustogethighmarks.
ItispossiblethatthefirstpeoplecrossedintoAustraliafromAsiaonagreatlandbridge.
Itisprobablethatourschoolwillbuyanewcomputer.
It’sverylikelythathe’llsucceed.=Heisverylikelytosucceed.
I’mhardlylikelytofinishitwithinaweek.
单项填空
①Ican’tgoout.ItisverythatMarywillringmetonight.
A.likelyB.possiblyC.probablyD.perhaps
②Tomwastowinfirstprizeinthecompetition,buthisillnessmadehimmissthechance.
A.possibleB.probableC.likelyD.Maybe
7.easen.安逸;
舒适v.减轻(痛苦,忧虑);
缓和;
放松
Theinjectionbroughtherimmediateease.
①atease感到舒适而无忧虑;
感到放松,不拘束②withease毫不费劲地,轻而易举地
Weareateaseforyoursafereturn.
ThequestionwassoeasythatIcouldansweritwithease.
(1)单项填空
HefeltcompletelyeaseMary.A.at;
withB.at;
toC.with;
withD.to;
to
(2)完成句子
①听说孩子们都很安全,她才放心。
Hermindknowingthatthechildrenweresafe.
②她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。
Shepracticeduntilshecouldplaythesonata.
B.重点短语
1.loseface丢脸,丢人
You’lllosefaceifyoudon’tkeepyourpromise.
WhenTomfailedtobeathisopponent,hefelthehadlostfacewithhisfriends.
①loseheart泄气;
灰心②loseone’sheartto爱上;
钟情于③loseweight减肥
④loseone’sway迷路⑤loseone’slife丧生⑥losecourage丧失勇气⑦losesightof看不见
Inordernotto,hespentthewholenightpreparingforthespeechofnextday.
A.losecourageB.loseheartC.losefaceD.losevoice
2.turnone'
sbackto背对,拒绝帮助
Weshouldn'
tturnourbackonherwhensheisintrouble.
Hedecidedtoturnhisbacktohisannoyingsister.
①turnaway把…打发走;
解雇;
驱逐②turndown调低音量;
拒绝某人的意见③turnin上交;
检举④turnonthecharm显示出魅力⑤turnouttobe结果是;
证明是⑥turnover翻转;
翻身;
旋转;
仔细考虑⑦turnup调大,开大;
发现,找到⑧turnoff关掉
C.重点句型
1.Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区,好奇地向四周张望。
解释:
lookingaround是现在分词作伴随状语。
伴随状语的特点:
它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
Hesatinthearmchair,readinganewspaper.
Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.
①“Youcan’tcatchme!
”Janetshouted,away.
A.RunB.runningC.torunD.ran
②Heglancedoverather,thatthoughshewastiny;
sheseemedverywellputtogether.
A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted
2.Not_all_culturesgreeteachotherthesameway,nor_are_theycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同,身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
(1)notall...是部分否定,与not构成部分否定的词还有:
both,every,everyone,everywhere,everybody,everything,always,entirely,wholly,altogether。
Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。
NotallofuscanspeakEnglish.并非我们都会说英语。
提示:
表示全部否定的词有:
none,nobody,neither,never,nothing,nowhere,noone,notatall。
(2)本句后半句是nor引起的倒装句,nor位于句首时,句子需要部分倒装。
Shedoesn’tlikedance,nordoeshersister.
归纳拓展:
含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装:
①含有否定意义的副词放在句首,如:
not,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等。
Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenasunitedasitistoday.我们国家从没像现在这样团结。
②含有否定意义的连词置于句首,如:
neither...nor,nosooner...than...,scarcely...when...,hardly...when...等。
Nosoonerhadhelefthomethanitbegantorain.
③含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首,如:
bynomeans,innotime,innocase,onnoaccount等。
Onnoaccountmustyouacceptanymoneyagainstyourconscience.
你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。
①Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJohn,and______.
A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI
②—IthinkthewholeclassisgoingonafieldtripnextFriday.
—I’mnotsure.haspaidthetransportationfee.
A.NoteveryoneB.NooneC.NoneofthemD.Neitherofus
二、语法精讲(现在分词做定语和状语)
A.现在分词作定语
☆现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
其动作和谓语动词同时发生,与其修饰词之间是主动关系,也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作
1.现在分词作定语时的位置
(1)现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前;
也可放在所修饰词的后面。
例如:
Heisanattackingplayer.他是一个攻击型的运动员
Theyliveinaroomfacingthenorth.他住在一个朝北的房间里。
(2)如现在分词修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时,分词在这些被修饰词的后面例如:
Anyoneswimmingwillbepunished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚
☆全析提示
1、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系
现在分词又进行意味和主动意味,因此,用现在分词作定语时,其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。
Ø
Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.=Therewerenosoldierswhoweredrilling.没有士兵在操练
havingdone(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作,现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语
2、如果一个及物动词作定语,既要表达进行意味,又要表达被动意味时,可用现在分词的被动语态。
Doyouknowtheboybeingpunishedbyourteacher?
你认识正在被我们老是处罚的那个男孩吗?
B.现在分词作状语
☆现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等例如:
①Shesatatthedesk,readinganewspaper.(伴随)
②HangWeiwenttoschool,takingatrain.(方式)
③Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.(时间)
④Nothavingreceivedareply,wewroteagain.(原因)
⑤Heatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapor.(条件)
注
意
※-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
※-ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,if等连词。
1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系
(1)现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式例如:
Notrecognizingthevoice,herefusedtogivethepersonhisaddress.
Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.
1、分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
但是,有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制如:
generallyspeaking,considering,judgingfrom,
2、现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作(或状态)是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。
否则现在分词需用完成形式例如:
Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidn’twanttogotothecinema.
Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.
1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresident.
AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing
2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
ANotreceivingBReceivingnotCNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived
3.“Can’tyouread?
”Marysaid____tothenotice.
AangrilypointingBandpointangrilyCangrilypointedDandangrilypointing
4.Ifyouwantaletter____,youmustkeepinmindseveralruleswhile____.
Awritten;
writtenBwellwritten;
writingCwellwriting;
writingDwellwritten;
write
5._______theirhatsintotheair,the
fansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.
A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrown
6.________thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.
A.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.Nottohaverealized
7.The_____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere
A.visiting;
addB.visited;
addingC.visiting;
addingD.visited;
added
8._________sincethenightbefore,Ifeltveryhungry.
A.HavingeatensomethingB.NothavingeatenanythingC.EatingsomethingD.Noteatinganything
9.Thefruitfreshinhisfruitstandsellswell.
A.lookingB.lookedC.lookD.tobelooked
10.________inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyanewiPad.
A.StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand
11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,_________thebreakfastuntouched.
A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft
12.Pressedfromhisparents,and______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvid