特殊线路接触网的性能改良措施Word文档格式.docx
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接触悬挂
Contactsuspension
接触悬挂包括接触线、吊弦、承力索以及连接零件。
接触悬挂通过支持装置架设在支柱上,其功用是将从牵引变电所获得的电能输送给电力机车。
接触悬挂的弹性是其质量优劣的主要标志。
接触悬挂的弹性是指悬挂中某一点在受电弓的压力下,每单位垂直力使接触线升高的程度。
Line,hangingstring,carriercablesuspensionincludingcontactandconnectionparts.Contactsuspensionbysupportingdevicessetuponthepillar,itsfunctionistotransferfromtractionsubstationelectricenergyforelectriclocomotive.Contactsuspensionofelasticityisthemainsymbolofquality.Contactsuspensionofelasticityreferstoaspecificpointinasuspensionunderthepressureofpantograph,theverticalforceperunitrisemakethelineofcontact.
接触悬挂弹性的衡量标准有二:
一是弹性的大小,取决于接触线的张力;
二是弹性的均匀程度,它取决于接触悬挂的结构。
为了使接触悬挂具有良好的弹性,以使受电弓高质量地取流,从而提高电力机车的运行速度,就必须对与悬挂弹性有关的设备结构进行研究和改革。
Contactsuspensionflexiblemeasureshavetwo:
oneisthesizeoftheelastic,dependsonthecontactwiretension;
2itiselastichomogeneousdegree,itdependsonthestructureofthecontactsuspension.Inordertomakethecontactsuspensionhasgoodelasticity,sothatthepantographhighqualityflow,soastoimprovethespeedofelectriclocomotive,itmustberelatedtotheelasticsuspensionequipmentstructureoftheresearchandreform.
改善接触悬挂弹性及取流的条件有二:
其一,尽量使受电弓对接触线的压力不随受电弓的起伏波动而变化,这就需要从受电弓结构方面研究改进;
其二是使受电弓沿接触线滑行时接触点的轨迹,尽可能地近于水平直线。
如果要达到上述后一种条件的要求,就要尽量地减小接触线的驰度,改善接触悬挂的弹性、性能。
改善接触悬挂的弹性性能,重点应在于提高定位点、分段分相、绝缘器、线岔等处的弹性,同时尽量使全线接触悬挂的弹性均匀一致。
有条件的话可以采用双链形接触悬挂和其它复合链形悬挂（即具有弹性装置吊线的多链形悬挂）。
改善张力自动补偿装置,研制新型补偿器结构以保证悬挂中线索的恒定张力;
减轻接触悬挂（特别是接触线上）的集中重量,采用轻型零件;
研制新型高强度的接触线以提高接触线和辅助绳索的张力等都是改善接触悬挂弹性的重要措施和手段。
Improvingtheelasticityofthecontactsuspensionandpickupflowconditionsaretwo:
first,trytomakethelineofcontactpressureofpantographnottheupsanddownsofpantographfluctuateschange,thisneedsfromthepantographstructureresearchimprovement;
Secondistomakethepantographslidealongthelineofcontactatthecontactpointoftrajectory,asmuchaspossibleclosetostraightandlevel.Iftomeettherequirementsofthelatterconditions,trytoreducethecontactlineofthechidegrees,improvingtheelasticityofthecontactsuspensionandperformance.Improvingtheelasticityofthecontactsuspensionofperformance,theemphasisshouldbeistoimprovethesetpoint,piecewiselinesplitphase,insulator,bifurcationoftheplacesuchaselasticity,contactsuspensionatthesametimetrytomakealloftheelasticityoftheuniform.Conditionalwordcanusedoublechainformcontactsuspensionandothercompoundcatenarysuspensiondevice（i.e.,elasticsuspensionwireofcatenarysuspension）.Improvethetensionoftheautomaticcompensationdevice,developednewcompensatorstructuretoensuretheconstanttensionofsuspensionintheclues;
Easecontactsuspension（especiallythecontactline）concentrationofweight,alightweightparts;
Developmentofnewhighstrengthofcontactwiresinordertoimprovethecontactlineandauxiliaryropetensionisimportantmeasuresandmethodsimprovingtheelasticityofthecontactsuspension.
改善接触网弹性的措施很多,但由于这些办法改造难度大,投资高,不适合我国的国情,基于我国的接触悬挂的现状,对于提高接触悬挂的弹性,本文介绍以下两个措施:
Measuresimprovingtheelasticityofthecontactlinealot,butbecauseofthewaytoreformisdifficult,highinvestment,notsuitableforChina'
snationalconditions,basedonthepresentsituationofcontactsuspensiontoimprovecontactsuspensionofelasticity,thispaperintroducesthefollowingtwomeasures:
（1）采用带弹性吊弦的接触悬挂
（1）thebeltelasticcontactsuspensionhangingstrings
我国电气化铁道大多采用简单链形悬挂,这种悬挂型式在定位点处易产生硬点,受电弓在跨距中间和定位点处的导线抬高量相差较大,整个跨距内的接触网弹性不均匀,高速行车时受电弓离线、酱油拉弧现象比较明显。
根据资料显示简单链形悬挂弹性的非均匀度,在静态情况下为25%,动态情况下为28%,而这些远大于10%的非均匀度是不适合高速行车要求的（国外高速铁路接触网的弹性非均匀度标准为不大于10%）。
根据国外比较成熟的经验,电气化水平较高的国家均采用带弹性吊弦的接触悬挂,这种悬挂型式在支柱处的弹性可达到跨中的90%,从而可以使非均匀度小于10%。
复合土工膜低于10%的非均匀度是高速铁路接触网所追求的目标。
所以必须从改善弹性的非均匀度人手,将现有的简单链形悬挂改为带弹性吊弦的链形悬挂,从而使整个跨距内弹性趋于均匀,采用此种措施后,列车速度可达到160km。
Electrifiedrailwayinourcountrymostlyadoptsthesimplecatenarysuspension,thesuspensiontypeattheanchorpointiseasytoproducehardpoint,pantographinthemiddleofthespanandanchorpointoftheconductorincreasequantityislarge,theentirespanofcatenaryinelasticnon-uniform,high-speedpantographoffline,arcphenomenonmoreobvious.Accordingtodatashowssimplecatenarysuspensionelasticnon-uniformdegree,25%instaticcase,adynamiccaseswas28%,whichisgreaterthan10%ofthenon-uniformdegreeisnotsuitableforhighspeeddrivingrequirements（foreignhigh-speedrailwaycatenaryofelasticnon-uniformdegreestandardisnotgreaterthan10%）.Accordingtoforeignmatureexperience,electrificationincountrieswithhighlevelsofallusewithelasticstringofcontactsuspension,thesuspensiontypeinthepillarthatflexibilitycanreachacross,and90%intheinordertoensuretheuniformityislessthan10%.Lessthan10%ofnonuniformityisthegoalofthehigh-speedrailwaycatenary.Sopeoplemustimprovetheelasticnon-uniformdegree,changetheexistingsimplecatenarysuspensiontoliftwithelasticstringhangingchainform,sothattheelastictendtobeuniformthroughoutthespan,adoptingsuchmeasuresafterthetrainspeedcanreach160km.
（2）增加接触线的张力
（2）theincreaseofcontactwiretension
考虑到线索的安全系数及接触线磨耗后能够承受的张力减小,我们可以适当地增加接触线和承力索的设计张力,如将接触线的张力增加到15kn,承力索的张力增加到20kn,即接触线的张力增大50%,根据有关数据显示,接触网的弹性可以减小33%。
由此可见增大张力可有效地减小接触悬挂的弹性。
而减小弹性正是我们提速所追求的目标。
Consideringthesafetycoefficientandthecontactwirewearleadstowithstandthetensiondecreases,andafterwecanappropriatelyincreasethecontactlineandthedesignofthecarriercabletension,suchasthecontactwiretensionincreasedto15kn,thecarriercabletensionincreasedto20kn,thecontactlinetensionisincreasedby50%,accordingtorelevantdatashows,catenaryofelasticitycanbereducedby33%.Thusincreasingthetensioncaneffectivelyreducethecontactelasticsuspension.Decreasedelasticityisjustwhatwespeedupthepursuitofgoals.
定位装置包括定位管和定位器,其功用是固定接触线的位置,使接触线在受电弓滑板运行轨迹范围内,保证接触线与受电弓不脱离,并将接触线的水平负荷传给支柱。
Positioningdeviceincludespositioningpipeandlocator,itsfunctionisfixedthelocationofthecontactline,thelineofcontactwithinthescopeofpantographslideinorbit,guaranteethecontactlineandpantographnotout,andthecontactlineofthehorizontalloadtopillar.
因腕臂定位环断裂后定位器（管）脱落低于接触线以及定位环断裂后接触线失去定位使拉出值发生变化造成的弓网事故屡见不鲜。
这类事故一般发生在定位偏移量大、偏转活动频繁的锚段关节处以及曲线内侧反定位和靠近锚段关节反定位的腕臂定位环处。
接触网运行时间越长,这类事故的发生就越频繁。
为防止以上事故的发生,本文采取的措施是:
用灵活偏转且各零部件之间的连接没有开口的新零件取代反定位处的腕臂定位环。
Becauseofwristarmpositioningringfalloffafterfaultlocator（tube）belowthelineofcontactandthelocatingringfractureaftercontactlinesloseorientationvalueschangebownetcausedbytheaccident.Suchaccidentsusuallyhappenedinlocatinglargeoffset,deflectionofanchorsegmentjointsandfrequentactivitycurveontheinsideagainstthepositioningandneartheanchorsegmentjointsandthepositioningbracketlocatingring.Catenary,thelongertherunningtimeofthiskindofaccidenthappenmorefrequently.Aboveinordertopreventaccidents,measurestakenare:
inthispaper,usingflexibledeflectionandtheconnectionsbetweencomponentswithoutopeningnewpartstoreplacethepositionofthewristarmpositioningring.
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