英语语法框架-详细总结.docx

英语语法框架-详细总结.docx

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语法框架

英语语法框架概述

一、词法

Ø数量：

10大类

Ø分类依据：

形式特征、意义、句法作用

词类

定义

例词

实词

Notional

word

名词

Noun

表示事物名称的词

Market,people,water,information

代词

Pronoun

代替名词或名词所有格的词

I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing

动词

Verb

表示动作或状态的词

Are,do,go,eat

形容词

Adjective

表示人或事物性质特征的词

Young,fast,excellent

副词

Adverb

表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词

Very,well,always

数词

Numeral

表示数目或顺序的词

One,first,thousand

虚词

Empty

word

冠词

Article

名词前，说明名词含义

A,an,the

介词

Proposition

名词或代词之间，表关系

Of,to,after,

连词

Conjunction

连接，“关节”之意

And,but,if

感叹词

Injection

情感态度的词

Oh,ah,well

二、句法

Ø分类方法：

按成分、按类别

1.句子成分

成分

充当词

例句

主语subject——

“谁”“什么”

动作或状态的发出者

名词

人称代词

物主代词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

基数词

序数词

形容词

不定式

动名词

从句

Noun

Personalpronoun

Possessivepronoun

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Indefinitepronoun

Cardinalnumeral

Ordinalnumeral

Adjective

Infinitive

Gerund

clause

Thesungivesuslightandheat.

Welovelife.

Yourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.

Thisismyfavoriteteacher.

Whatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?

Nobodycanstopmestudying.

Twoofyouaremybeststudents.

Thesecondismysister.

Theoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.

Totalkiseasierthantodo.

Helpingotherscanbringushappiness.

Whatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.

谓语predicate——

主语的动作或状态

实意动词

联系动词

Notionalverb

Linkingverb

Weplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.

WeareChinese.

宾语object——

及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容

名词

人称代词

反身代词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

物主代词

相互代词

Noun

Personalpronoun

Reflexivepronoun

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Infinitivepronoun

Possessivepronoun

Reciprocalpronoun

NowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.

Hefoolsusall.

Believeinyourself.

Ithankyouwilllikethis.

Whoareyouwaitingfor?

Theygoteverythingtheywant.

Heisanoldfriendsofhers.

Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.

宾语补足语

objectcomplement——

宾语之后，补充说明

形容词

副词

名词

介词短语

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

Adjective

Adverb

Noun

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

Thatnewswillmakemotherhappy.

Letmeshowyouout.

WechoseTomourmonitor.

Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.

DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.

Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.

Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.

表语predictive——

说明主语，“补足语”

形容词

副词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

基数词

序数词

介词短语

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

从句

Adjective

Adverb

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Indefinitepronoun

Cardinalnumeral

Ordinalnumeral

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Gerund

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

clause

Themountainsaregreen.

Timeisup.

WhatIwantisthis.

Iwanderwhoyouare.

Itisnothingserious.

Twoplustwoisfour.

Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.

Thewatchisjustunderthetable.

Myjobistocleantheroad.

Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.

Theresultisdisappointing.

Wearedisappointedtotheresult.

ThatiswhatIQmeans.

定语attribute——

修饰名词或代词

名词

形容词

副词

物主代词

指示代词

疑问代词

不定代词

基数词

序数词

介词短语

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

从句

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Possessivepronoun

Demonstrativepronoun

Interrogativepronoun

Indefinitepronoun

Cardinalnumeral

Ordinalnumeral

Prepositionalphrase

Infinitive

Gerund

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

clause

Heworksinacarfactory.

Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.

Thenativethereareveryfriendly.

Theirinventionwontheworldprize.

Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.

Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?

Bothhisparentsaredoctors.

Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.

Hewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.

Manysecretsinspaceremainunknown.

SoIhavenothingtosayformyself.

Iboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.

Tomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.

Theyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.

Thosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.

状语adverbial——

位置随意，修饰任意

动词、副词、形容词

从句、全句

名词

形容词

副词

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

介词短语

从句

独立主格

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Infinitive

Presentparticiple

Pastparticiple

Prepositionalphrase

Clause

nominativeabsolutestructure

LiMingisoneyearoldthanI.

Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.

Thesonoftenwritetohisparents.

Motherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.

Hestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.

Ledbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.

Fromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.

Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

Weatherpermitting,wewillgofora

同位语appositive——

前名词、代词的具体内容

名词

代词

数词

从句

Noun

Pronoun

Numeral

clause

MissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.

TheyeachhaveaPC.

Ihavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.

We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.

2.句子类别

Ø分类：

按使用目的、按结构

（1）按使用目的：

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

类别