虚拟语气精讲精练及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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2、shoulddo
3、weretodo
巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：
MSCOW（奶牛女士）：
might,should,could,oughtto,would
2.1.与过去事实相反
1）.IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.
2）.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.
3）.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.
4）.Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.
5）.Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.
6）.IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.
7）.Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
8）.Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.
9）.Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.
10）.Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.
2.2.与现在事实相反
1）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.
2）.Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.
3）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.
4）.Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.
5）.IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.
6）.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.
7）.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.
8）.IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.
9）.Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.
10）.IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.
11）.IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.（可惜我不知道）
12）.Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.（实际上地球引力始终存在。
）
13）.IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.（实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。
14）.IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.
15）.Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.
16）.Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?
17）.Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.
18）.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.
19）.Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.（如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。
20）.Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.（倘若生活中没了困难，就会过于平淡。
2.3.与将来事实相反
1）.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.
2）.Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.
（注意：
对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，shoulddo中等，weretodo最小。
如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用wereto最恰当。
3）.IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.
4）.Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.
5）.IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.
6）.Ifitshould（wereto）rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.
7）.Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.（如果今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。
实际上，你不会错过。
8）.IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.
9）.Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.
10）.Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.（如果事情能被做两次，人人都会变得明智。
2.4.混合型
1）.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.（过去→现在）
2）.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.（过去→现在）
3）.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.（过去→现在）
4）.Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.（过去→现在）
5）.IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.（过去→将来）
6）.Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.（现在→将来）
7）.Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.（过去→现在）
8）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（现在→过去）
9）.Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.（过去→现在）
10）.Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.（过去→过去→现在）
2.5.if的省略与条件句的倒装
1）.WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.
2）.Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.
3）.Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.
4）.Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.（如果人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。
）
5）.Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.
6）.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.
7）.HadItime,Iwouldcome.（本句中had是实意动词，而非主动词。
8）.HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.
9）.Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.
10）.Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.
11）.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.
12）.Wewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadyouinvitedus.
13.Iwouldgoshoulditbenecessary.
14）.WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
15）.Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.
16）.Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.
（注：
例句8、9知识点见“二→6→B→a”。
17）.Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethelaw.（Whethertheybe…）
18）.Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.（Whethertheweatherbewhatitmay,…）
例句13、14知识点见“八→5”。
注意：
在这一结构中，若条件句为否定句，not应被放在主语之后，而不能缩写成weren’t,shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。
如例15，16。
2.6.含蓄型：
A.with：
“要是有，如果有”，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1）.Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.
（要是有你的帮助，我们早就解出这道题了。
实际上你没有帮助我们，我们也没有解出这道题。
2）.Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.
3）.Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor（wereitnotfor）/ifithadn’tbeenfor（haditnotbeenfor）/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.
b.butthat+句子；
注意:
a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，如果没有,如果不是”,表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1）.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.
2）.Withouttheprogrammer（程序编制人员）,thecomputerwouldbeuseless.
3）.Withoutsunshine,nothingcouldgrowonearth.
4）.Withoutwaterorair,nothingcouldlive.
5）.Withoutcontradictionnothingcouldexist.（没有矛盾，就没有世界）
6）.Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.
7）.Withoutthedifficulieswewouldnotknowgreatmen’stoughness.（如果没有困难，我们就不会了解伟人的坚韧性格。
8）.Iwouldnevermakeitwithoutthehavitsoforderanddiligence.（假如没有按部就班和勤奋的习惯，我就不会成功。
9）.Withoutchallenges,ObamawouldneverhavebeenPresidentoftheUnitedStates.
10）.Withoutsteel,therewouldbenomodernindustry.（没有钢，就没有现代工业。
11）.Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.
12）.Butforyourtimelyrescue,theboywouldhavedrowned.
13）.Butforfriction,peoplecouldneitherwalk,norevenstandup.
以上例句1-13without,butfor都可互换，并可替换为intheabsenceof;
若是对现在或将来的虚拟，可用Ifitwerenotfor替换；
若是对过去的虚拟则可用Ifithadnotbeenfor来替换。
14）.Butthathesawit,hecouldnothavebelievedit.
15）.ThelittlegirlwouldhavefallenintotheriverbutthatthePLAmancaughther.
16）.Butthatyoudidn’tletmetakethatcupofteaIwouldhavebeenposionedtodeath.
17）.Shewouldhavecometoseeyouthatdaybutthatshewasill.（=Butforherillness）
18）.Butthatitsnowedheavily,theycouldhavearrivedthereearlier.（=Butfortheheavysnow,…）
19）.Shewouldhaveboughtthebookbutthatshehadnomoneythen.
20）.Ifitweren’tformyjob,Iwouldcomewithyou.
21）.Ifitwerenotforhiswife’smoneyhewouldneverbeamayor.
22）.Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor’scare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.
23）.Ifithadnotbeenforyou,Icouldnothaveworkedouttheproblem.
C.or,orelse,otherwise；
1）.Ididn’tcatchthebus,otherwiseIwouldn’thavemissedthefilm.
2）.Igotuptoolate,otherwiseIwouldn’thavebeenlateforthemeeting.
3）.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.
4）.Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade（游行）.
5）.Iambusynow.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.
6）.Hecan’thavewrittentome,otherwiseIwouldhavegothisletterbynow.
7）.Hetoldmeofyourarrival,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.
8）.Thesoldierfledaway,orhewouldhavebeenkilled.
9）.Ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.
D.通过上下文推断，没有引导词，真正的含蓄。
1）.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar（学者）.
2）.Iwoulddosoinyourposition.
3）.Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.
4）.Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.
2.7.suppose（that）,supposing（that）;
provided（that）;
assuming（that）;
onconditionthat;
giventhat
1）.Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.
=Iftherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.
2）.Supposingyoucouldn’twrite,whatwouldyoudo?
3）.Childrenwerepermittedintothehallforthefilmprovided（that）theydidnotmakeanytrouble.
4）.Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthatthey（should）donoharmtotheanimals.
（onconditionthat=onlyif,它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述，可虚拟，但均表示一个真实条件。
5）.Giventhathedoesn’tagreetodoit,weshalldoitalone.
（giventhat表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
3.宾语从句的虚拟语气
3.1.wish
wishthat…haddone→表示对过去已发事情的虚拟
wishthat…did/were→表示对现在正发事情的虚拟
wishthat…wereto/should/could/might/woulddo→表示对将来要发事情的虚拟
1）.IwishIwereabird.
2）.Theuglygirlwishesshewerebetterlooking.
3）.SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.
4）.HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
5）.IhaveneverbeentoNewYork,buthowIwishIhad.
6）.IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday
升级会员 