高三复习语法系列定语从句考点总结Word下载.docx
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IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？
f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。
Thisistheplacewhereheworks.
（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.
六．限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
一般地说，限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，与先行词关系密切，是整个句子不可缺少的一部分，否则会造成全句意义不明确。
而非限制性定语从句带有补充说明的性质，与先行词之间存在一种松散的修饰关系，去掉后一般不会影响句子的主要意义。
概括起来，两者有如下区别：
1）形式不同：
限制性定语从句常紧跟其先行词，中间不用逗号隔开；
而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.（NMET1996）
2）意义不同
请比较下面两个句子：
Mybrotherwhois18yearsoldisacollegestudent.
我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。
Mybrother,whois18yearsold,isacollegestudent.
我弟弟是大学生,今年18岁。
第一句中，限制性定语从句限制了先行词的意义，明确是18岁的那个弟弟（而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）。
第二句使用了非限制性定语从句，表明可能只有一个弟弟，18岁，起补充说明作用。
另外，如果先行词是专有名词或独一无二的人或物，通常用非限制性定语从句。
Hismother,wholovedhimverymuch,diedin1818.最爱他的母亲于1818年去世了。
IliketochatwithJack,whoisacleverboy.我喜欢和杰克聊天，他是个聪明人。
Whenhewas17,hewenttoatechnicalschoolinZurich,Switzerland,wherehestudiedmathsandphysics.
17岁那年，他到瑞士的苏黎士一家技校上学，在那儿他学习了数学和物理。
3）先行词不同：
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词除名词或代词外，还可以是整个主句（此时，常用which或as引导从句）。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyI
doubtedverymuch.
Ashasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextweek.
句中as是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容。
4）引导词不同：
限制性定语从句的引导词可用关系代词that,which,
who（whom,whose）,as和关系副词when,where,why；
除that和why外，其它的关系代词、关系副词均可引导非限制性
定语从句。
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho/thathasbeenawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.（句中which不可用that代替）
Thefamousbasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.（句中who不可用that代替）
5）引导词省略情况不同：
众所周知，在限制性定语从句中，关系代词如果充当从句的宾语可以省略；
而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词是不能省略的。
Isthisthebook（that/which）youarelookingfor?
（关系代词that/which充当从句的宾语，可以省略）
Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn'
texpected.（关系代词which在从句中充当expect的宾语，但因为引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以不能省略）
6）译法不同：
把句子翻译成汉语时，限制性定语从句中，通常先译从句后译先行词；
而非限制性定语从句中则往往相反。
Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.
我们生活在一个许多工作都由电脑来完成的时代。
Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:
school,museumsandsomeotherplaces,whereothervisitorsseldomgo.
我们将被带领着参观这个城市的学校，博物馆和其他地方，这些地方其他的游客很少去的。
定语从句加强练习
1.Mary
lives
in
the
room,
door
_____
opens
east。
A.
of
it
B.
which
C.
that
D.
whose
2.The
engineer
my
father
is
talking
has
just
come
from
abroad.
A.
with
whom
who
3.
He
a
hotel,
only
five
minutes’
walk
here.
where
4.Is
there
anything
I
can
do
for
you?
as
5.The
speaker
will
tell
us
about
some
writers
and
their
works
_____are
known
to
us.
6.This
reason
they
are
all
against
plan.
why
what
7.It
was
not
until
late
evening
traveler
found
hotel.
8.I
didn’t
like
way
she
spoke
me.
how
9.This
you
right
now.
10.It
at
our
college
library
borrowed
novel.
11.I
have
seen
trees,
open
sunrise
close
sunset.
leavesB.
leaves
C.
its
12.All
needed
supply
oil.
thing
13.The
foreign
guests,
were
scientists,
warmly
welcomed
airport.
most
them
those
14.I
still
remember
sitting-room
____
mother
used
sit
evening.
15.On
train
saw
student
thought
your
sister.
16.Is
river
through
town
very
long?
flows
flow
one
17.Is
this
went
last
year?
18.Is
university
visited
time?
19.It
factory
his
worked
few
years
ago.
20.It
wanted
go
to.
21.Egypt
country
famous
pyramids.
22.China
he
spent
best
part
life.
23.A
small
car
arrived,
came
man,
woman
children
different
ages.
out
24.Can
suggest
time
be
convenient
meet?
when
25.I’d
exhibition.
/
26.Have
got
belongs
me?
27.I
hope
little
been
able
use.
28.
Who
_______
common
sense
such
thing?
C
.whose
29
The
bike
rider
had
knocked
down
boy
taken
police.
B
.that
30.
My
uncle
three
sons,
two
died
during
earthquake.
.which
31.
Put
letter
______
find
easily.
32.
There
we
spare.
33.
Everything
said
great
importance.
34..This
presents
gave
35.
This
am
looking
.
36.
Tom
attend
meeting,
________
expected.
37.
give
information
help
you.
38.
She
wears
same
kind
clothes
her
sister
does.
39.
never
clever
40.
Do
know
late?
41
._____
teacher
announced,
school
opened
tomorrow.
Once
Because
As
Since
42.
size
audience,
_____we
expected,
well
over
twenty
thousand.
because
43.
hotel
city
know.
44.
problem
troubled
him
solved.
45.
You
take
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