医学英语词汇digestiveWord文档下载推荐.docx

医学英语词汇digestiveWord文档下载推荐.docx

《医学英语词汇digestiveWord文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《医学英语词汇digestiveWord文档下载推荐.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

choledoch/o

commonbileduct

choledochotomy

col/o

colon,largeintestine

colostomy

colon/o

colon

colonic,colonoscopy

dent/o

tooth

dentibuccal

duoden/o

duodenum

duodenal

enter/o

intestines,usuallysmallintestine

enteropathy,enterocolitis,enterocolostomy,mesentery,parenteral

esophag/o

esophagus

esophageal

faci/o

face

facial

gastr/o

stomach

gastralgia

gingiv/o

gums

gingivitis

gloss/o

tongue

hypoglossal

hepat/o

liver

hepatoma,hepatomegaly

ile/o

ileum

ileocecalsphincter,ileitis,ileostomy

jejun/o

jejunum

gastrojejunostomy,

labi/o

labial

lapar/o

abdomen

laparoscopy

lingu/o

sublingual,

mandibul/o

lowerjaw,mandible

submandibular

odont/o

orthodontist,periodontist,endodontist

or/o

mouth

oral

palat/o

palate

palatoplasty

pancreat/o

pancreas

pancreatitis

pharyng/o

throat

pharyngeal

peritone/o

peritoneum

peritonitis

proct/o

anusandrectum

proctologist

pylor/o

pyloricsphincter

pyloroplasty

rect/o

rectum

rectocele

sialaden/o

salivarygland

Sialadenectomy

sigmoid/o

sigmoidcolon

sigmoidoscopy

stomat/o

stomatitis

amyl/o

starch

amylase

bil/i

gall,bile

biliary

bilirubin/o

bilirubin（bilepigment）

hyperbilirubinemia

chol/e

cholelithiasis

gloc/o

sugar

gluconeogenesis

glyc/o

hyperglycemia

glycogen/o

glycogen,animalstarch

glycogenolysis

lip/o

fat,lipid

lipoma

lith/o

stone

cholecystolithiasis

sial/o

saliva,salivary

sialolith

steat/o

fat

steatorrhea

Suffixes

-ase

enzyme

lipase

-chezia

defecation，eliminationofwastes

hematochezia

-ectasis,-ectasia

stretching,dilation,dilatation

Bronchiectasis,lymphangiectasia

-emesis

Vomiting

Hematemesis

-lasis

abnormalcondition

choledocholithiasis

-lysis

destruction,breakdown,separation

hemolysis

-pepsia

digestion

dyspepsia,

--phagia

eating,swallowing

dysphagia

-plasty

surgicalrepair

rhinoplasty,blepharoplasty

-prandial

meal

postprandial

-ptosis

prolapse,fall,sag

proptosis

-ptysis

spitting

hemoptysis

-rrhagia,-rrhage

burstingforthofblood

hemorrhage,menorrhagia

-rrhaphy

suture

herniorrhaphy

-rrhea

flow,discharge

menorrhea,dysmenorrhea

-spasm

sudden,involuntarycontractionofmuscles

pylorospasm

cardiospasm

-stasis

stopping,controlling

cholestasis,hemostasis

-stenosis

tightening,stricture,narrowing

pyloricsteosis

-tresia

opening

atresia,esophagealatrsia,urethralatrsia

PathologyoftheDigestiveSystem

sysmptoms

pathology

Achlorhydria

Lackofhydrochloricacidinthestomach.

Thiscanbeasymptomofchronicgastritisorgastriccarcinoma.

anorexia

Lackofappetite（-orexia＝appetite）.

Oftenasignofmalignancyorliverdisease.Anoresianervosaislossofappetiteowingtoemotionalproblemssuchasanger,anxiety,andfear.Itisaneatingdisorderandisdiscussed,alongwithasimilardisorder,bulimianervosa.

Ascites腹水

Abnormalaccumulationoffluidintheabdomen.

Thiscondition,previouslycalleddropsy,occurswhenfluidseepsoutofthebloodstreamandcollectsintheperitonealcavity.Itcanbeasymptomofneoplasmorinflammatorydisordersintheabdomen,venoushypertension（highbloodpressure）causedbyliverdisease（cirrhosis）,andheartfailure.

Colic肠绞痛

Acuteabdominalpaincausedbyspasmsofintestinalmuscles.

Colic,commonlyoccurringinthefirst3monthsoflife,isrelatedtoexcessiveswallowingofair（aerophagia）,rapidoroverfeeding,allergytomilk,orfeedingproblems.

constipation

Difficult,delayedeliminationoffeces.

Stoolsaredryandhardwhenperistalsisisslow.Amedicationthatencouragesmovementoffecesfromthecoloniscalledalaxative.Acatharticisastronglaxative.

diarrhea

Loose,waterystools.

Theacuteonsetofpostprandialdiarrheasuggestsanacuteinfectionortoxin.Wateryorbloodystoolsareasymptomofinflammationordiseaseinthegastrointestinaltract.

Difficult,painfulswallowing.

Thisisasymptomofmotility（movement）problemsintheesophagusoratumororswellingthatblocksthepassageoffood.

flatus

Gasexpelledthroughtheanus.

gastroesophagealreflux

Solidsandfluidsreturntothemouthfromthestomach.

Heartburnistheburningsensationmusedbytheregurgitationofhydrochloricacidfromthestomachintotheesophagus.Ahiatalhernia（bulgingofthestomachwallupwardtowardtheesophagus）cancausethissymptom.

Brightredbloodfromtherectum.

Hematocheziacanappearassociatedwithcolonictumors,ulcerativecolitis,andhemorrhoids.

jaundice

Yellow-orangecolorationoftheskinandothertissuesduetohighlevelsofbillrobinintheblood.

Jaundice（icterus）canoccurinthreemajorways:

（1）malfunctionoflivercells（hepatocytes）becauseofliverdisease（hepatopathy）preventstheliverfromcombiningbilirubinwithbile;

（2）obstructionofbileflow（choledocholithiasis）preventsbilirubinandbilefrombeingexcretedintotheintestine;

and（3）excessivedestructionoferythrocytesinhemolysiscausesexcessbilirubinintheblood.

melena

Black,darkbrown,tarrystools;

fecescontainingblood.

Thissymptomreflectsbleedingabovethefirstsectionoftheduodenum,aswouldbethecasewithableedingulcer.

nausea

Unpleasantsensationfromthestomachwithatendencytovomit.

ThistermcomesfromaGreekwordmeaningseasickness.Irritationofnerveendingsinthestomachorotherpartsofthebodysendsamessagetothevomitingreflexcenterinthebrain.Ifthesensationbecomesintense,vomitingresults.Vomitingcanbeasymptomoftheperforation（holethroughthewall）ofanabdominalorgan;

obstructionofabileduct,stomach,orintestine;

ortoxins（poisons）.

Fatinthefeces.

Improperabsorption（malabsorption）offatcancausefattoremainintheintestines.Etiologymaybeenteritisorpancreatitis.

2.PathologicalConditions

OralCavityandTeeth

aphthousstomatitis

Inflammationofthemouthwithsmallulcers.

Thisidiopathicconditionisalsoknownascankersores.Aphth/omeansulcer.

dentalcaries

Toothdecay（cariesmeansdecay）.

Dentalplaqueistheaccumulationoffoods,proteinsfromsaliva,andnecroticdebrisonthetoothenamel.Bacteriagrowintheplaqueandcausetheproductionofacidthatdissolvesthetoothenamelresultinginacavity（areaofdecay）.Ifthebacterialinfectionreachesthepulpofthetooth（causingpulpitis）,rootcanaltherapymaybenecessary.

herpeticstomatitis

Inflammationofthemouth（gingiva,lips,palate,andtongue）byinfectionwiththeherpesvirus.Commonlycalledfeverblistersorcoldsores.

oralleukoplakia

Whiteplaquesorpatches（-plakiameansplaque）onthemucosaofthemouth.

Aprecancerouscondition;

majoretiologicalfactorsarechronictobaccoandalcoholuse.

periodontaldisease

Inflammationanddegenerationofgums,teeth,andsurroundingbone;

alsocalledpyorrhea（py/omeanspus）.

Chronicinflammationofgums（gingivitis）occursfromaccumulationofdentalplaqueandcalculus（hardenedplaque）.Gingivectomymaybenecessarytoremovepocketsofpusandallownewtissuetoform.

GastrointestinalTract

Achalasia

失弛缓症

Failureofthesphinctermusclesoftheloweresophagustorelax（-chalasiameansrelaxation）duringswallowing.

Whenfailureofproperperistalsisoccurs,foodcannotpassthroughtheesophaguseasily（dysphagia）.Thecauseofachalasiaisunknown,butanxietyandtensionaggravatethecondition.Physiciansoftenrecommendablanddietlowinbulk,anddilation（widening）ofthecardiacorloweresophagealsphincter（LES）torelievesymptoms.

analfistula

肛瘘

Abnormaltube-likepassagewayneartheanus，whichmaycommunicatewiththerectum．Ananalfissureisanarrowslitintheanalwall.

colonicpolyposis

Polyps（smallgrowths）protrudefromthemucousmembraneofthecolon.

colorectalcancer

Carcinomaofthecolonorrectum，orboth.

Atheoryofcoloniccarcinogenesishasbeenproposedlinkingadiethighinbeefandfatwiththedevelopmentofbacteriainthecolonthatincreasethelevelofbileandfattyacids,whichactascarcinogens.Theprognosisforpatientswithcolorectalcarcinomadependsonthestage（extentofspread）oftheneoplasm,upondiagnosis,howeasilythecancercanberesected,anditsresponsivenesstoradiotherapyandchemotherapy.

Crohn'

sdisease

Chronicinflammationoftheintestinaltractthatcanaffectanypartofthedigestivetractfromthemouthtotheanus.

Thischronicrelapsingdiseasecausesinflammationwithdiarrhea,cramping,andfeverandcommonlyaffectsthelast（terminal）partoftheileum.Similartoulcerativecolitis,bothareformsofinflammatoryboweldisease（IBD）.Physiciansdonotknowthecauseofthisdisease,andoftenthediseaseistreatedbymedicinesorsurgicalremovalofthediseasedportionoftheintestine,withanastomosisofremainingparts.

diverticula（singular:

diverticulum）憩室

Abnormalsidepockets（outpouchings）intheintestinalwall.

Acommonlocationfordiverticulosisisthesigmoidcolon.Whenundigestedfoodorbacteriabecometrappedinadiverticulum（di=aside,verti＝toturn，cul=small）,diverticulitisoccurs.

dysentery

Painful,inflamedintestines.

Commonlyoccurringinthecolon,theetiologyofdysenteryisusuallyingestedfoodorwatercontainingbacteria（salmonellaeorshigellae）,amebae（one-celledorganisms）,orviruses.Colitis,diarrhea,andabdominalcrampsoccur.

esophagealvarices

Swollen,tw