Photoelectrochemical etching to fabricate singlecrystal SiC MEMS for harsh environmentsWord下载.docx

Photoelectrochemical etching to fabricate singlecrystal SiC MEMS for harsh environmentsWord下载.docx

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theFBreactor,thefuelandoxidantsupplies,andancillaries.Plantflexibilityisemphasized.ItallowstooperateunderdifferentCO2/O2ratios,andtorecycleCO2fromthefluegases.Boththeprocessesdesignandmonitoringaresupportedbysimulationsthathavebeenvalidatedagainstexperimentaldata,regardingfluiddynamics,combustion,andheattransfer.Finally,theperformanceofthefacilityhasbeentestedbothwithcoalaloneandblendedwithbiomass.CO2concentrationsover90%（drybasis）inthefluegaseshavebeenobtained.Comparisonofairandoxygencombustiontestsandoperationalrecommendationsarediscussed,confirmingthefeasibilityoftheFBoxyfueltechnologyforCO2capturepurposes.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.Designoftheexperimentalplant

2.1.Designbasisandranges

2.2.Fluidizedbedreactor

2.3.Fuelsupply

2.4.Oxidantsupply

2.5.Controlandinstruments

3.Processsimulation

3.1.Fluid-dynamicsandmassbalance

3.2.Combustion

3.3.Heattransfer

4.Commissioningandcombustiontests

4.1.Air-firingtests

4.2.Oxyfueltests

4.3.Resultsdiscussion

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Android/OSGi-basedvehicularnetworkmanagementsystem 

ComputerCommunications

MostAfricancitieslackpipedseweragenetworks;

wheresuchnetworksexist,theytypicallyserveonlywealthydistrictsandaregrosslydysfunctional.Socanlow-costseweragesystemsbeappropriate;

orwouldeffortsbebetterdirectedatnon-pipedsanitationsolutionssuchaslatrinesandseptictanks?

TherecentlyterminatedPAQPUDprojectwasaWorldBank-financedsanitationinterventioninDakar（Senegal）,includingabout14millionUS$forprovisionofsettledseweragenetworksin11low-incomedistrictsofthecity;

thisisthefirstlarge-scaleimplementationoflow-costsewerageinsub-SaharanAfrica.Thisarticlereportsanindependentevaluationofprojectoutcomecarriedoutin2009,includingtheresultsofhouseholdersurveysin3ofthe5districtsinwhichthesystembecameoperational.Variousaspectsoftheprojectarelaudablemodelsofdevelopmentprojectimplementation,includingthespecifictargetingoflow-incomedistricts,andtheeffectiveinvolvementoflocalcommunityorganizationsinprojectimplementation;

furthermore,intheoperationaldistricts,reasonablyhighcoveragelevelswereachieved,andbeneficiaryhouseholdersgenerallyshowedhighsatisfaction.However,overalloutcomeconsideringall11districtsmustbeconsideredverypoor,withonlyabout20–30%oftargetedcoverageachieved;

thisislargelyattributabletodeficientadjudicationandmanagementofconstructioncontracts.Furthermore,innoneoftheoperationaldistrictshasaworkableorganizationalframeworkforlong-termlocalnetworkmaintenancebeennegotiated;

andinseveraldistrictssystemdischargesprobablyconstituteasignificanthealthrisk.Thesefindingssuggestthatlow-costseweragemaybeanappropriatesolutioninsomeAfricanurbancontexts,butonlyifdiversepotentialproblemscanberesolvedattheplanning,constructionandmanagementstages.Ourfindingsalsohighlighttheneedforrigorousindependentmonitoringandevaluationofprojectsofthistype.

Introduction

ThePAQPUDdistricts:

basiccharacteristics

Methods

Householdersurveys

Results

Overallprojectoutcome

Yoff（operational）

Cambé

rè

ne（notoperational）

Ouakam（operational）

HannBelAir（notoperational）

Thiaroye-sur-Mer（notoperational）

Mbao（operational）

Bargny（notoperational）

Ngor（operational）

RufisqueEst（notoperational）

Cité

OusmanFall（operational）

SONES（notoperational）

Beneficiarysatisfactionandsystemmaintainability

Discussion

Generaloutcomeevaluation

Contractornon-compliance…why?

Constructionquality

Systemmaintainability

Environmentalandpublichealthimpacts

LessonsforothersewerageprojectsinAfricancities

Contractadjudicationandmanagement

Landcostsandrelatedissues

Operationandmaintenance

Wastewaterdisposal

Conflictofintereststatement

Ethicalapproval

Funding

工作职责：

1、景观水水质保持微生物技术

2、景观水水生植物选择技术

3、基地水环境实验室运营

任职资格：

1、环境工程、水生物、微生物等相关专业。

2、熟悉水质检测、有景观水保障技术设计经验为佳。

developscalablemodelsforthetransientresponseofsleepersinconventionalandhigh-speedrailwaylinesandimplementationtotheverticalvibrationmode 

SoilDynamicsandEarthquakeEngineering

Overthelast50years,therehavebeenmanysignificantenhancementsincomputeraidedsystemswhichhaveinfluencedtheCNCtechnology.OneareathatcanbeconsideredasabottlenecktotheseCNCenhancements,andinparticulartointeroperabilityinCNCmanufacturingisG&

Mpartprogramming（ISO6983）.Toovercomethisbottleneck,thenewstandardISO14649,knownasSTEP-NC,isbeingdevelopedtoprovidedetailedinformationoncomponentdesign,processplanningandmachiningstrategiestomanufacturepartsforthenextgenerationofintelligentCNCs.ThisstandardformsthebasisofanewparadigmshiftintheCNCdomaintosupportdigitalmodellingofCNCmanufacturingresources.TheresearchinthispaperaimstoidentifymajorissuesanddevelopnewsoftwaretoolstodemonstratethefeasibilityofinteroperableCNCmanufacturingbasedonSTEP-NC.BesidestheliteraturereviewonrecentresearchanddevelopmentonSTEP-NC,thispaperproposesaProcessPlanningSystem（PPS）withsurfaceroughnesschosenastheprocessplanningobjective.PPSconsistsoffivemodules:

programreader,processplanner,STEP-NCCADviewer,STEP-NCCAMviewerandprogramwriter.ThereaderisresponsibleforinterpretingthegeometryandthemanufacturingdatafromaSTEP-NCtextfileintoastoreddatalist.Theprocessplannerusesthisdatalistandenablesuserstoevaluatesurfaceroughnessbasedonamathematicalmodel.ThroughtheSTEP-NCCADviewer,thepartgeometrycanbeshownandviatheSTEP-NCCAMviewerthetoolpathcanbeverified.Finally,thewriterconvertsthestoredSTEP-NCdataofthesystemintoanupdatedSTEP-NCfile.AnexamplecasestudycomponentisusedtodemonstratethePPSandshowtheinterfacingoftheSTEP-NCdata.

2.Literaturereview

3.STEP-NCprocessplanningsystem（PPS）architecture

4.Processplanner

4.1.STEP-NCprocessplanner

4.2.Surfaceroughnessmodel

5.Toolpathgenerator

5.1.Theselectionofthetoolpathplanningunit

5.2.Theprocedureoftoolpathplanning

5.2.1.Materialremoval

5.2.2.Machinestrategies

6.Discussion

7.Conclusions

Windenergyconversionwithavariable-ratiogearbox:

designandanalysis 

RenewableEnergy

Inthisstudyaninterventiontoimproveworkprocessesinairtrafficcontrol（ATC）isevaluated.The 

backgroundwastheFinnishairtrafficcontrollers’strikeof1999.TheoldwaysofthinkingandactingdidnotsupportdevelopmentofATCpromptinganeedforanewkindofworkingcultureintheorganisation.Severalactionswerestarted.Inoneofthese,ATCworkprocessesweremodelledbypersonnelanddevelopmentplansconcerningworkweredeliveredtotopmanagement.Differentactors（management,tradeunion,stakeholders）wereinterviewedbefore（n 

= 

16）andaftertheproject（n 

7）.Theinterventionsupportedsystematicco-operationbetweendifferentactorsintheorganisation.However,afollow-uprevealedthatonlyafewparticipantshadadoptedtheideaofcontinuousworkdevelopment.MasteryofhumanfactorsiscrucialinahighreliabilityworkenvironmentsuchasATC.Buthowistheanalyticalandco-operativeaspectkeptaliveinanorganisationthatisrunbystrictinternationalregulationandhasastrongtechnicalcompetence,butisnotthatstrongincollaborativeandhumanaspects?

1.Introduction

1.1.Backgroundoftheintervention

1.2.Needforworkprocessanalysisinhighreliabilityenvironments

1.3.Successofdevelopmentprogramsandchangemanagementprojects

1.4.Theaimofthisstudy

2.Thematerialandmethodsofthestudy

2.1.Intervention–‘processanalysis’

2.1.1.Goals,organisationandactionsintheintervention

2.1.2.Analysisofworkprocessintheproject

2.2.Evaluationoftheintervention

2.2.1.Preinterventioninterviews

2.2.2.Developmentplansduringtheintervention

2.2.3.Postinterventioninterviews

2.2.4.Analysisofthedata

3.Results

3.1.Theprojectgoal