最新直接引语和间接引语及其练习和答案 精品Word文档格式.docx
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直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
一般过去时过去完成时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
过去进行时过去进行时
一般将来时过去将来时
例如:
“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.——>
Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.
Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”——>
Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.
Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?
MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.
Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?
HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.
“Whydidsherefusetogothere?
”theteacherasked.——>
Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.
Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?
Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”——>
Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.
Hesaid,“Ihaven'
theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”——>
Hesaidthathehadn'
theardfromhisparentsthosedays.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况
1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:
Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——>
Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.
2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:
Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——>
Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.
3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>
Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.
4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>
Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.
5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:
Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——>
Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
6)当引语是谚语、格言时,如:
Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”——>
Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.
7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如:
Thedoctorsaid,“You'
dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>
ThedoctorsaidI'
dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.
Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”——>
Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.
Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”——>
Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.
Theteachersaid,“Youneedn'
thandinyourcompositionstoday.”——>
Theteachersaidweneedn'
t/didn'
tneedto/didn'
thavetohandinourcompositions.
Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?
”——>
Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.
〔注〕:
此处用hadto代替must更好
8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。
Teacher:
Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.
Student:
Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?
Monitor:
Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1)时间状语:
直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语
now(then);
tomorrow(thenext/followingday)
today(thatday);
nextweek(thenext/followingweek/month/year)
yesterday(thedaybefore)twodaysago(twodaysbefore)
lastweek/month/year(theweek/month/yearbefore)thisweek/month/year(thatweek/month/year)
2)指示代词:
these变成those
3)地点状语:
here变成there
Shesaid,“Iwon'
tcomehereanymore.”——>
Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..
4)动词:
come变成go,bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
1)陈述句。
用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat,如:
Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>
HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.
Hesaid,“I'
llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>
HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可说toldthat)
此外主句中的谓语还常有:
repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如:
Hesaid,“I'
mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”——>
Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。
Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”——>
Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.
2)直接引语为一般疑问句,(也称是否疑问句,)间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。
Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?
Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.
Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'
tyou?
HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
3)直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用either…or….如:
Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?
HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..
Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?
Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.
4)直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。
Heasked,“What'
syourname?
Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.
Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?
Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.
5)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。
如asksb.todo,(由肯定祈使句变成)asksb.nottodo(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。
Hesaid,“Beseated,please.”——>
Heaskedustobeseated.
“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.——>
Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.
“Nevercomehereagain!
”saidtheofficernearby.——>
Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.
“Don'
ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.——>
Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.
6)有些含有“建议”——>
、“劝告”——>
的祈使句,可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述,如:
Hesaid,“Let'
shavearest.”——>
Hesuggestedourhavingarest.
Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”——>
Heofferedtohelpme.
7)当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示请求,建议意义时,可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。
“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
”heasked.——>
Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.
“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?
”heaskedus.——>
Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.
8)直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:
Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!
Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
嵌套间接引语的从句:
如果间接引语当中还镶嵌有另一句从句,则被称为嵌套间接引语的从句,英文叫:
thesubordinateclauseinindirectstatement。
这时,这样的从句要使用虚拟语气。
从句动词的时态与主句动词的时态相关联。
Duxdicebatmilitemquifugissetpoenasdaturumesse.统帅曾常说,那个逃跑的士兵将要受到惩罚。
quifugisset[逃跑]是一句关系从句,修饰militem“士兵”,由于处在dicebat[说]后面的间接引语当中,因此需使用虚拟语气。
间接引语的动词是不定式daturumesse[将受到],为将来时,因为动作发生在主句动词“说”之后,而fugisset[逃跑]为虚拟语气的过去完成时,表示在统帅“说话”之前已经逃走了
如何把直接引语变间接引语
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
Shesaid."
Mybrotherwantstogowithme."
→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称,如:
HesaidtoKate."
Howisyoursisternow?
"
→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
MrSmithsaid。
"
Jackisagoodworker。
→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。
变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;
过去时态改为完成时;
过去完成时则保留原来的时态。
1)Shesaid."
Ihavelostapen."
→Shesaidshehadlostapen
2)Shesaid."
Wehopeso."
→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
3)Shesaid."
Hewillgotoseehisfriend。
→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。
在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。
Jacksaid."
John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
XiaoWangsaid."
IwasbornonApril2l,1980。
→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。
Hesaid,"
Igetupatsixeverymorning。
→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could,should,would,might)不再变。
Petersaid."
Youhadbettercomehavetoday。
→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:
now变为then,yesterday。
变为thedaybefore)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:
this改为that),如:
Thesebooksaremine."
→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
[编辑本段]如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,"
Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."
→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:
Hesaid,"
Can