初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案文档格式.docx
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2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything．
2）不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种：
一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构:
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有:
afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.
2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.
3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.
动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式：
这类动词常见的有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法总结，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。
常见的疑问代（副）词有:
what，when，where，which，how，whether等。
1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.
有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。
这可以用这一结构表达：
动词（如find，think，consider，feel等）+it+形容词+不定式。
1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.
3）不定式做表语
一种情况为主语是不定式（表示条件）；
表语是不定式（表示结果）：
1.Toseeistobelieve.
2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．
另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：
；
例如：
1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．
2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice．
3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience．
4）不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：
第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。
1.Therewasreallynothingtofear．
2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread．
如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。
1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith．
2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout．
3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento．
4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon．
第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；
1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?
2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect．
3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending．
第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。
这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：
ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。
1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher．
2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou．
3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.
5）不定式作状语
不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。
例如作原因状语：
1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．
2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．
3.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark．
4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark．
作目的状语：
1.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter．
2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter．
3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam．
4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam．
作结果状语：
1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians．
2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians．
3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone．
4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone．
不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。
归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：
1）在can／could，/may／might，will／would，shall／should，must，need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。
2）在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。
1.Ioftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard．
2.Imusthavehimseehisownmistakes．
但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
1.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard．
2.Afterhehadfinishedspeaking，hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions．
3）在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。
1.Helptheoldlady（to）carrytheheavybox.
4）在hadbetter，wouldrather，may／mightaswell，ratherthan，cannotbut等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。
1.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout，Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight．
2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.
5）在makedo，makebelieve，letdrop，1etfall，1etfly，letslip，letdrive，letgooff，hearsay，heartell，leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。
1.Theyletgooftherope．他们松开了绳子。
2.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme．约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
3.I'
veheardtellofhim．我听说过他。
4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents．由于生源不足，一些教职员工被解雇了。
6）在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不，只能”。
1.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm．
2.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender．
3.Thespywasbothhungryandcold；
therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein．
4.Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining．
下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to：
cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut，cannotbut，donothingbut，havenothingtodobut。
Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.
如果上述句中有do，to省略：
IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight．
如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to：
Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.
7）紧跟在why或whynot之后的动词不定式总是不带to。
但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。
Whystandupifyoucansitdown?
Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'
tunderstandthemeaning?
Youneedn'
tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience．
4．不定式的否定形式
否定形式是在不定式的标志to前加not。
1.Idecidednottoaskhimagain．
2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout．
动词不定式练习
一.根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。
1.Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tsayanything.
Hewastooangry_____________anything.
2.Idon’tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.
Idon’tknowwhen______________themeeting.
3.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.
Hesaidhewouldhavealetter_____________.
4.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.
Itisveryimportant_____you____________Englishinthemorning.
5.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石头）
Hewasstrong________________thestone.
6.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.
HisfatherwenttoBeijing______________hisholiday.
7.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.
Theygotupearly________________________thereintime.
8.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.
Hisbrotherdecided____________thebook.
9.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.
Hehopes____________theGreatWall.
10.Isawhimgointotheroom.
Hewasseen___________intotheroom.
11.Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.
Hewasmade___________fivehoursaday.
12.Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?
Doyouhaveanything__________foryourself?
13.Wedon’tknowwhatweshalldonext.
Wedon’tknowwhat___________next.
14.I’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.
I’mverysorry____________thebadnews.
15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.
Hestopped___________alookatme.
16.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.
Ihelpedhim___________English.
17.Myfatherpromised（许诺）thathewouldbuymeabike.
Myfatherpromised__________meabike.
18.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.
Theboxistooheavy______me______________.
19.“Liedown!
”theboysaidtohisdog.
Theboyorderedhisdog____________down.
20.“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.
Shetoldme_____________________anynoise.
二.单选：
1.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.
A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.produced
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.
A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake
3.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
4.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.
A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
6.Youweresillynot_______yourcar.
A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
7.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.
A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
8.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered_____clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
9.I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,than_______aroomwithsomeoneelse.
A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharing
10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_________inbroaddaylightyesterday.
A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed
11.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.
A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyedD.toha
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