ted英语演讲稿4篇Word下载.docx

ted英语演讲稿4篇Word下载.docx

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vegottheupperhand.you&

vegotmoremoney,moreopportunitiestomovearoundtheboard,andmoreaccesstoresources.andasyouthinkaboutthatexperience,iwantyoutoaskyourself,howmightthatexperienceofbeingaprivilegedplayerinariggedgamechangethewaythatyouthinkaboutyourselfandregardthatotherplayer?

　　soweranastudyontheu.c.berkeleycampustolookatexactlythatquestion.webroughtinmorethan100pairsofstrangersintothelab,andwiththeflipofacoinrandomlyassignedoneofthetwotobearichplayerinariggedgame.theygottwotimesasmuchmoney.whentheypassedgo,theycollectedtwicethesalary,andtheygottorollbothdiceinsteadofone,sotheygottomovearoundtheboardalotmore.（laughter）andoverthecourseof15minutes,wewatchedthroughhiddencameraswhathappened.andwhatiwanttodotoday,forthefirsttime,isshowyoualittlebitofwhatwesaw.you&

regoingtohavetopardonthesoundquality,insomecases,becauseagain,thesewerehiddencameras.sowe&

veprovidedsubtitles.richplayer:

howmany500sdidyouhave?

poorplayer:

justone.

　　richplayer:

areyouserious.poorplayer:

yeah.

ihavethree.（laughs）idon&

tknowwhytheygavemesomuch.

　　paulpiff:

okay,soitwasquicklyapparenttoplayersthatsomethingwasup.onepersonclearlyhasalotmoremoneythantheotherperson,andyet,asthegameunfolded,wesawverynotabledifferencesanddramaticdifferencesbegintoemergebetweenthetwoplayers.therichplayerstartedtomovearoundtheboardlouder,literallysmackingtheboardwiththeirpieceashewentaround.weweremorelikelytoseesignsofdominanceandnonverbalsigns,displaysofpowerandcelebrationamongtherichplayers.

　　wehadabowlofpretzelspositionedofftotheside.it&

sonthebottomrightcornerthere.thatallowedustowatchparticipants&

consummatorybehavior.sowe&

rejusttrackinghowmanypretzelsparticipantseat.

arethosepretzelsatrick?

　　poorplayer:

idon&

tknow.

　　pp:

okay,sonosurprises,peopleareontous.theywonderwhatthatbowlofpretzelsisdoingthereinthefirstplace.oneevenasks,likeyoujustsaw,isthatbowlofpretzelsthereasatrick?

andyet,despitethat,thepowerofthesituationseemstoinevitablydominate,andthoserichplayersstarttoeatmorepretzels.

ilovepretzels.

　　（laughter）

andasthegamewenton,oneofthereallyinterestinganddramaticpatternsthatweobservedbegintoemergewasthattherichplayersactuallystartedtobecomerudertowardtheotherperson,lessandlesssensitivetotheplightofthosepoor,poorplayers,andmoreandmoredemonstrativeoftheirmaterialsuccess,morelikelytoshowcasehowwellthey&

redoing.richplayer:

ihavemoneyforeverything.poorplayer:

howmuchisthat?

richplayer:

youoweme24dollars.you&

regoingtoloseallyourmoneysoon.i&

llbuyit.ihavesomuchmoney.ihavesomuchmoney,ittakesmeforever.richplayer2:

i&

mgoingtobuyoutthiswholeboard.richplayer3:

you&

regoingtorunoutofmoneysoon.i&

mprettymuchuntouchableatthispoint.

okay,andhere&

swhatithinkwasreally,reallyinteresting,isthatattheendofthe15minutes,weaskedtheplayerstotalkabouttheirexperienceduringthegame.andwhentherichplayerstalkedaboutwhytheyhadinevitablywoninthisriggedgameofmonopoly--（laughter）—theytalkedaboutwhatthey&

ddonetobuythosedifferentpropertiesandearntheirsuccessinthegame,andtheybecamefarlessattunedtoallthosedifferentfeaturesofthesituation,includingthatflipofacointhathadrandomlygottenthemintothatprivilegedpositioninthefirstplace.andthat&

sareally,reallyincredibleinsightintohowthemindmakessenseofadvantage.

　　nowthisgameofmonopolycanbeusedasametaphorforunderstandingsocietyanditshierarchicalstructure,whereinsomepeoplehavealotofwealthandalotofstatus,andalotofpeopledon&

t.theyhavealotlesswealthandalotlessstatusandalotlessaccesstovaluedresources.andwhatmycolleaguesandiforthelastsevenyearshavebeendoingisstudyingtheeffectsofthesekindsofhierarchies.whatwe&

vebeenfindingacrossdozensofstudiesandthousandsofparticipantsacrossthiscountryisthatasaperson&

slevelsofwealthincrease,theirfeelingsofcompassionandempathygodown,andtheirfeelingsofentitlement,ofdeservingness,andtheirideologyofself-interestincreases.insurveys,wefoundthatit&

sactuallywealthierindividualswhoaremorelikelytomoralizegreedbeinggood,andthatthepursuitofself-interestisfavorableandmoral.nowwhatiwanttodotodayistalkaboutsomeoftheimplicationsofthisideologyself-interest,talkaboutwhyweshouldcareaboutthoseimplications,andendwithwhatmightbedone.

　　someofthefirststudiesthatweraninthisarealookedathelpingbehavior,somethingsocialpsychologistscallpro-socialbehavior.andwewerereallyinterestedinwho&

smorelikelytoofferhelptoanotherperson,someonewho&

srichorsomeonewho&

spoor.inoneofthestudies,webringinrichandpoormembersofthecommunityintothelabandgiveeachofthemtheequivalentof10dollars.wetoldtheparticipantsthattheycouldkeepthese10dollarsforthemselves,ortheycouldshareaportionofit,iftheywantedto,withastrangerwhoistotallyanonymous.they&

llnevermeetthatstrangerandthestrangerwillnevermeetthem.andwejustmonitorhowmuchpeoplegive.individualswhomade25,000sometimesunder15,000dollarsayear,gave44percentmoreoftheirmoneytothestrangerthandidindividualsmaking150,000or200,000dollarsayear.

　　we&

vehadpeopleplaygamestoseewho&

smoreorlesslikelytocheattoincreasetheirchancesofwinningaprize.inoneofthegames,weactuallyriggedacomputersothatdierollsoveracertainscorewereimpossible.youcouldn&

tgetabove12inthisgame,andyet,thericheryouwere,themorelikelyyouweretocheatinthisgametoearncreditstowarda$50cashprize,sometimesbythreetofourtimesasmuch.

　　werananotherstudywherewelookedatwhetherpeoplewouldbeinclinedtotakecandyfromajarofcandythatweexplicitlyidentifiedasbeingreservedforchildren--（laughter）—participating--i&

mnotkidding.iknowitsoundslikei&

mmakingajoke.weexplicitlytoldparticipantsthisjarofcandy&

sforchildrenparticipatinginadevelopmentallabnearby.they&

reinstudies.thisisforthem.andwejustmonitoredhowmuchcandyparticipantstook.participantswhofeltrichtooktwotimesasmuchcandyasparticipantswhofeltpoor.

veevenstudiedcars,notjustanycars,butwhetherdriversofdifferentkindsofcarsaremoreorlessinclinedtobreakthelaw.inoneofthesestudies,welookedatwhetherdriverswouldstopforapedestrianthatwehadposedwaitingtocrossatacrosswalk.nowincalifornia,asyouallknow,becausei&

msurewealldothis,it&

sthelawtostopforapedestrianwho&

swaitingtocross.sohere&

sanexampleofhowwedidit.that&

sourconfederateofftotheleftposingasapedestrian.heapproachesastheredtrucksuccessfullystops.intypicalcaliforniafashion,it&

sovertakenbythebuswhoalmostrunsourpedestrianover.（laughter）nowhere&

sanexampleofamoreexpensivecar,aprius,drivingthrough,andabmwdoingthesame.sowedidthisforhundredsofvehiclesonseveraldays,justtrackingwhostopsandwhodoesn&

t.whatwefoundwasthatastheexpensivenessofacarincreased,thedriver&

stendenciestobreakthelawincreasedaswell.noneofthecars,noneofthecarsinourleastexpensivecarcategorybrokethelaw.closeto50percentofthecarsinourmostexpensivevehiclecategorybrokethelaw.we&

verunotherstudiesfindingthatwealthierindividualsaremorelikelytolieinnegotiations,toendorseunethicalbehavioratworklikestealingcashfromthecashregister,takingbribes,lyingtocustomers.

　　nowidon&

tmeantosuggestthatit&

sonlywealthypeoplewhoshowthesepatternsofbehavior.notatall.infact,ithinkthatweall,inourday-to-day,minute-by-minutelives,strugglewiththesecompetingmotivationsofwhen,orif,toputourowninterestsabovetheinterestsofotherpeople.andthat&

sunderstandablebecausetheamericandreamisanideainwhichweallhaveanequalopportunitytosucceedandprosper,aslongasweapplyourselvesandworkhard,andapieceofthatmeansthatsometimes,youneedtoputyourowninterestsabovetheinterestsandwell-beingofotherpeoplearoundyou.butwhatwe&

refindingisthat,thewealthieryouare,themorelikelyyouaretopursueavisionofpersonalsuccess,ofachievementandaccomplishment,tothedetrimentofothersaroundyou.herei&

veplottedforyouthemeanhouseholdincomereceivedbyeachfifthandtopfivepercentofthepopulationoverthelast20years.in1993,thedifferencesbetweenthedifferentquintilesofthepopulation,intermsofincome,arefairlyegregious.it&

snotdifficulttodiscernthattherearedifferences.butoverthelast20years,thatsignificantdifferencehasbecomeagrandcanyonofsortsbetweenthoseattheto