专业英语四级八级考试专业英语八级考试真题及答案Word文档格式.docx

专业英语四级八级考试专业英语八级考试真题及答案Word文档格式.docx

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（1）__________

i.e.moreattentionpaidto

（2）___________thantothemessageitself

B.examples

-personalspace

-preferencefor（3）__________

-lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace

-attentionto（4）___________

-conceptoftime

-beliefin（5）____________interpretationoftime

-noconcernforpunctuality

-nocontrolovertime

II.Low-contextculture

-message:

separatefromcontext

（6）___________

-desire/respectforindividuality/privacy

-lessattentiontobodylanguage

-moreconcernfor（7）___________

-attitudetowardtime

-conceptoftime:

（8）____________

-dislikeof（9）_____________

-timeseenascommodity

III.Conclusion

Awarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions

-relevanceinworkandlife

e.g.business,negotiation,etc.

-（10）_____________insuccessfulcommunication

参考答案：

（1）contextofmessage

（2）what'

shappening/thecontext

（3）closenesstopeople

（4）bodylanguage

（5）poly-chronic

（6）messageitself

（7）themessage

（8）mono-chronic

（9）lateness

（10）greatinfluence/significance

TIPS：

（1）根据原文中一句“Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontextofthemessage,ortheaction,oraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.〞可知答案。

（2）根据原文“Whatthismeansisthatinahigh-contextculture,moreattentionispaidtowhat'

shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.〞可知答案。

（3）根据原文“Generallyspeaking,inahigh-contextculture,becausethisgreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersenseofinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.〞可得出答案。

（4）根据原文“Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.〞可得出答案。

（5）根据原文“Peopleinhigh-contextcultures,areconsideredtohave,whatiscalledapoly-chronicattitudetowardtime.〞可得出答案。

（6）根据原文“Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,havingmeaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.〞可得出答案。

（7）根据原文“Andyou'

llalsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguage,becauseasIsaid,themessageis,themessageiseverything.〞可得出答案。

（8）原文提到在low-contextculture中，人们对时间的态度可称为mono-chronic。

（9）根据原文“Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlateness,becausetheyfeelthateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime.〞可得出答案。

（10）根据文章末尾局部“Ifyou'

reinbusiness,negotiations,interpersonalrelations,ifyou'

redealingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesinanyway,it'

sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourlife.Inanymulti-culturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.〞可知，在商务活动、谈判、人际交往中，与来自不同文化的人打交道时，这些想法对成功的交际起着非常重要的作用。

script:

Goodmorning,everyone!

Today,we'

lllookatcultureorratherclassificationsofcultures.Usually,whenwedealwithdifferentpeople,wedealwiththemasifwewereallmembersofthesameculture.However,it'

spossiblethatpeoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentassumptionsabouttheworld.Wegotinsuchimportantandbasicideasastime,personalspace.AndthisistheviewofEdwardHall.AndEdwardHallisananthropologistwhospentalargepartofhislifestudyingAmericanIndians,theirculture,theirlanguage.Buthewasdifferentfromalotofotheranthropologistswhojuststudyoneculture.Hewasinterestedintherelationsbetweencultures,howculturesinteract.WhatHallbelievesisthatculturescanbeclassifiedbyplacingthemonacontinuum,rangingfromwhathecalledhigh-contexttolow-context.

OK,whatisahigh-contextculture?

Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontextofthemessage,ortheaction,oraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.Whatthismeansisthatinahigh-contextculture,moreattentionispaidtowhat'

shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.

Now,letmegiveyouexamples.First,intermsofpersonalspace.Generallyspeaking,inahigh-contextculture,becausethisgreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersenseofinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.Andtheyhavelessrespectforprivacy,forpersonalspace.Ifyougointothatculture,peoplemightstandcloserwhenthey'

retalkingtoyou.Theymighttouchmore.Andifthey'

rejostledinacrowd,theywon'

tfeelviolated.Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.BecauserememberwhatIsaid,thedefinitionofahigh-contextcultureisthatmoreattentionispaidtothecontextofthemessagethantothemessageitself.Andpartofthecontextisbodylanguage.

Second,intermsoftime.Peopleinhigh-contextcultures,areconsideredtohave,whatiscalledapoly-chronicattitudetowardtime.Here,"

poly"

meansmultipleand"

chronic"

meanstime.Whatthismeansisthattheybelievepeople,things,eventshavetheirowntime.Andtherecan'

tbeastandardsystemoftimeforeverything.Whatthisleadsthemtobelieveisthatyoucan'

temphasizepunctuality.Thingshappenwhentheyaresupposedtohappen.So,there'

sadifferentattitudetowardtime;

there'

snosetstandardoftime;

youcan'

tcontroltime;

everythinghasitsownsenseoftime.Soit'

saculturethatpayslittleattentiontotime,toclocktime.

Now,let'

smoveontolow-contextculture.Alow-contextcultureisjusttheopposite.Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,havingmeaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.Thatthemessage,theevent,theactionhasmeaninginitself.Sowhatthismeansinalow-contextculture,isthatpeoplepaymoreattentiontotheeventitselfratherthantothecontextwhichsurroundstheeventorthemessage.Forexample,intermsofpersonalspaceagain,there'

smoreemphasisonindividuality.Sotheconceptofprivacyisvery,veryimportant.Whereasbefore,asIsaid,inahigh-contextculture,theymightnotevenbeconcernedwithprivacyorpersonalspace.Butinalow-contextculture,there'

safeelingthatweeachhaveourownpersonalspace.Ifyougettooclose,ifyoudon'

tknockondoorsbeforeentering,that'

saninvasionofprivacy.Peoplefeelviolated.There'

sarespectandadesireforprivacy.Andyou'

llalsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguage,becauseasIsaid,themessageis,themessageiseverything.Theyarenotgoingtoworryaboutallthedetailsaroundit.Whatyousayistheimportantthing,orwhatyoudoistheimportantthing.

Anotherexampleofalow-contextcultureispeople'

sattitudetowardstime.Intermsoftime,Isaidbefore,therewasapoly-chronicsenseoftimeinahigh-contextculture.Whatdoyouthinktherewouldbeinalow-contextculture?

Mono-chronic?

Right!

Amono-chronicsenseoftimeandbythatwemeanthatthere'

sonetime.Andthatconceptmeansthatpeopleinalow-contextculturebelievethatthere'

sonestandardoftime.Andthatshouldbeforeverything.AndsoIamnotwillingtohear"

Oh,thetrafficwasheavy.That'

swhyI'

mlate"

or"

Oh,Isleptlate"

.Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlateness,becausetheyfeelthateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime.Thereshouldn'

tbeallthisflexibilitywithtimeandtheyexpectpunctuality.Andtheylookattimeasalmostacommoditythattheyuseexpressionslike"

usetime,towastetime,tospendtimeortimeismoney"

.Alloftheseexpressionsreinforcetheconceptthattimeisactuallysomethingyoucanholdonto.

So,whatthisisallaboutisthat,Hallstressesthatpeopleneedtobeawareofthesedifferentassumptionsorconceptsaboutreality.Andhethinksthatthishasallkindsofrelevancenomatterwhatyou'

redoing.Ifyou'

sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourlife.Inanymulti-culturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.

OK,todaywe'

vetakenabrieflookatEdwardHall'

sviewofculture,mainlyhisclassificationofhigh-orlow-contextculturewithsomeexamples.Nextweek,we'

lllookatsomemoreexamplesofculturesonacontinuumbetweenhigh-contextandlow-contextcultures.

SECTIONBINTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.

Now,listentotheinterview.

1.AccordingtoDr.Harley,whatmakeslanguagelearningmoredifficultafteracertainag