考研《英语一》阅读理解真题Word文档格式.docx

考研《英语一》阅读理解真题Word文档格式.docx

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//TheSpanishcasepreviousargumentsbochforandagainstmonarchywhenpublicopiniodisparticularly.Polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove“mue”politicsand“embady”aspiritofnationalunity.//Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstates.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostminanch-infestedregionistheworld,with10kingdomsnotcountingVaticancityandAndorra.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoaoocdthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside,symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomesPikettyandotherecumenistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princeandprincesshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchyreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-healed）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchiesviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskingsofrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

　　21、accordingtothefiirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan

　　[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

　　[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

　　[C]endedhisregininembarrassment

　　[D]eastedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

　　22、monarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEoropeanmostly

　　[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　[B]toachieveablamebetweentraditionandreality

　　[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

　　[D]duetotheiroverlastingpolitiicalembodiment

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

　　[B]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

　　[C]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

　　[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.

　　24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

　　[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

　　[D]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　Text2

　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'

tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th：

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;

theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

　　[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

　　[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

　　27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

　　[A]tolerance.

　　[B]indifference.

　　[C]disapproval.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

　　[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.

　　[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.

　　[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.

　　[D]goingthroughone’swallet.

　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

　　[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

　　[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

　　[D]citizens’privacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

　　30.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

　　（A）theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

　　（B）NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

　　（C）California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

　　（D）PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

　　Text3

　　ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

　　“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors（SBoRE）.Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanus.

　　Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid：

“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

　　GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

　　31、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat

　　[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

　　[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

　　[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

　　[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

　　32、Thephrase“flaggedup”（Para.2）istheclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]found.

　　[B]revised.

　　[C]marked

　　[D]stored

　　33、GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

　　[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

　　[B]meetwithstrongopposition

　　[C]increaseScience’scirculation.

　　[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

　　34、DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

　　A.addstoresearchers’worklosd.

　　B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.

　　C