六级阅读解析Word文件下载.docx
《六级阅读解析Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《六级阅读解析Word文件下载.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In1854mygreat-grandfather,MorrisMarable,wassoldonanauctionblockinGeorgiafor$500.Forhiswhiteslavemaster,thesalewasjust“businessasusual”.ButtoMorrisMarableandhisheirs,slaverywasacrimeagainstourhumanity.ThispatternofhumanrightsviolationsagainstenslavedAfrican-Americanscontinuedunderracialsegregationfornearlyanothercentury.
ThefundamentalproblemofAmericandemocracyinthe21stcenturyistheproblemof“structuralracism”:
thedeeppatternsofsocio-economicinequalityandaccumulateddisadvantagethatarecodedbyrace,andconstantlyjustifiedinpublicspeechesbybothraciststereotypesandwhiteindifference.DoAmericanshavethecapacityandvisiontoremovethesestructuralbarriersthatdenydemocraticrightsandopportunitiestomillionsoftheirfellowcitizens?
Thiscountryhaspreviouslywitnessedtwogreatstrugglestoachieveatrulymulticulturaldemocracy.
ThefirstReconstruction(1865-1877)endedslaveryandbrieflygaveblackmenvotingrights,butgavenomeaningfulcompensationfortwocenturiesofunpaidlabor.Thepromiseof“40acresandamule(骡子)”wasformostblacksadreamdeferred(尚未实现的).
TheSecondConstruction(1954-1968),orthemoderncivilrightsmovement,endedlegalsegregationinpublicaccommodationsandgaveblacksvotingrights.ButthesesuccessesparadoxicallyobscurethetremendoushumancostsofhistoricallyaccumulatedisadvantagethatremaincentraltoblackAmericans’lives.
Thedisproportionatewealththatmostwhitesenjoytodaywasfirstconstructedfromcenturiesofunpaidblacklabor.Manywhiteinstitutions,includingsomeleadinguniversities,insurancecompaniesandbanks,profitedfromslavery.Thispatternofwhiteprivilegeandblackinequalitycontinuestoday.
Demandingreparations(赔偿)isnotjustaboutcompensationforslaveryandsegregation.Itis,moreimportant,aneducationalcampaigntohighlightthecontemporaryrealityof“racialdeficits”ofallkinds,theunequalconditionsthatimpactblacksregardlessofclass.Structuralracism’sbarriersinclude“equityinequity”,theabsenceofblackcapitalformationthatisadirectconsequenceofAmerican’shistory.Onethirdofallblackhouseholdsactuallyhavenegativenetwealth.In1998thetypicalblackfamily’snetwealthwas$16,400,lessthanonefifththatofwhitefamilies.Blackfamiliesaredeniedhomeloansattwicetherateofwhites.
Blacksremainsthelasthiredandfirstfiredduringrecessions.Duringthe1990-91recession,African-Americanssuffereddisproportionately.AtCoca-Cola,42percentofemployeeswholosttheirjobswereblacks.AtSears,54percentwereblack.Blackshavesignificantlyshorterlifespans,inpartduetoracisminthehealthestablishment.Blacksarestatisticallylesslikelythanwhitestobereferredforkidneytransplantsorearly-stagecancersurgery.
21.Totheauthor,theauctionofhisgreat-grandfatherisatypicalexampleof________.
[A]racialconflictsinGeorgia[B]racialsegregationinAmerica
[C]crimeagainsthumanity[D]unfairbusinesstransaction
22.Thebarriertodemocracyin21stcenturyAmericais________.
[A]denialoflegalrightstoordinaryblacks[B]widespreaduseofraciststereotypes
[C]prejudiceagainstminoritygroups[D]deep-rootedsocio-economicinequality
23.WhatproblemremainsunsolvedinthetwoReconstructions?
[A]Theinterestsofblacksarenotprotectedbylaw.[B]Differencesbetweenracesaredeliberatelyobscured.
[C]Theblacksarenotcompensatedfortheirunpaidlabor.[D]Thereisnoguaranteeforblackstoexercisetheirrights.
24.Itisclearthatthewealthenjoyedbymostwhites________.
[A]hasresultedfrombusinesssuccessesovertheyears[B]hasbeenaccumulatedfromgenerationsofslavery
[C]hasderivedfromsizableinvestmentsineducation[D]hasbeenaccompaniedbyblackcapitalformation
25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecurrentsituationregardingracialdiscriminator?
[A]Amajorstephasbeentakentowardsreparations.[B]Littlehasbeendonetoensureblacks’civilrights.
[C]Inequalityofmanykindsremainsvirtuallyuntouched.[D]Racismisnotamajorobstacletoblacks’employment.
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheseniorcitizendiscount.Anyonewhohasreachedacertainage—insomecaseaslowas55—isautomaticallyentitledtoadazzlingarrayofpricereductionsatnearlyeverylevelofcommerciallife.Eligibilityisdeterminednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’sbirthcertificate.Practicallyunheardofagenerationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusinesses-ascommonascolortelevisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairlines.
Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;
yet,millionsofAmericansaboveage60arehealthyandsolvent(有支付能力的).Businessthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountstocollegestudentsoranyoneunder30freelyofferthemtoolderAmericans.Thepracticeisacceptablebecauseofthewidespreadbeliefthat“elderly”and“needy”aresynonymous(同义的).Perhapsthatoncewastrue,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.Tobesure,thereiseconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,andmanyolderAmericansarepoor.Butmostofthemaren’t.
Itisimpossibletodeterminetheimpactofthediscountsonindividualcompanies.Formanyfirms,theyareastimulustorevenue.Butinothercasesthediscountsaregivenattheexpense,directlyorindirectly,ofyoungerAmericans.Moreover,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansandscholarsseeasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.
GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,whichmostlyinvolvesatransferofresourcesfromtheyoungtotheold.Employmentisanothersorepoint.Buoyed(支持)bylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirementdinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesseningemploymentandpromotionopportunitiesforyoungerworkers.
Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,seniorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidableeconomicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem.
Itnolongermakessensetotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoseeconomicneedsdeservepriorityoverthoseofothers.Seniorcitizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’ttakecareofthemselvesandneedspecialtreatment;
andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,thattheelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemselvesattheexpenseofchildrenandotheragegroups.SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheessenceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—discriminationbyage.
26.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.
[A]seniorcitizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount
[B]givingseniorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderly
[C]seniorcitizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveinadecentlife
[D]offeringseniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpractice
27.Whatassumptionliesbehindthepracticeofseniorcitizendiscounts?
[A]Theelderly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.
[B]Businesses,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.
[C]Oldpeopleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.
[D]SeniorcitizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.
28.Accordingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,seniorcitizendiscountswill________.
[A]haveadversefinancialimpactonbusinesscompanies[B]bringamarkedincreaseinthecompanies’revenues
[C]makeoldpeopleevenmoredependentonsociety[D]intensifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheold
29.HowdoestheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?
[A]Itencourageselderlypeopletoretireintime.[B]Itbenefitstheoldattheexpenseoftheyoung.
[C]Itshouldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.[D]Itopensupbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.
30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?
[A]Priorityshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofseniorcitizens.
[B]Seniorcitizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.
[C]Theelderlyareselfishandtakingseniordiscountsforgranted.
[D]Seniorcitizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.
Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheUSNationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.
Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayun