中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx

中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx

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中国矿业大学考博英语真题

中国矿业大学考博英语真题2014年

PartOneReadingComprehension

Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn'thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:

"So,howhaveyoubeen?

"Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately."

Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn'tfindoutwewere"depressed"untilwewereinhighschool.

Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon'tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.

Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,why?

Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnatebiologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroletoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:

traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.

Inthelast30years,however,asecret-revelation（揭示）machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision.Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately,toallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.

Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.1.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis______.

A.amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren

B.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild

C.aninevitablepartofchildren'smentaldevelopment

D.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild

答案：

D

[解答]本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn'tfindoutwewere'depressed'untilwewereinhighschool”。

由此可知，作者和朋友们直到高中才开始感觉沮丧，言外之意就是很难想象会在小孩子身上出现沮丧心理，因此选择D。

2.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld______.

A.throughcontactwithsociety

B.throughexposuretosocialinformation

C.graduallyandunderguidance

D.naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct

答案：

C

[解答]本题细节定位于第五段第三句话“Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:

traditionally...”。

由此可知，孩子们循序渐进地学习成人世界的知识。

传统上，我们对六年级学生讲的事不会让五年级学生知道，因此选择C。

3.Thephenomenonthattoday'schildrenseemadult-likeisattributedbytheauthorto______.

A.thepoorarrangementofteachingcontent

B.thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision

C.theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving

D.thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopment

答案：

B

[解答]本题细节定位于第六段第三、四句话“Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately,toallviewersalike...childrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures”。

由此可知，电视在美国社会普及后，不分地域、不分老幼地传播信息。

孩子们把注意力从书本转向了电视，必然会发生某种变化，这种变化就是成人化。

因此选择B。

4.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?

______

A.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.

B.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.

C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.

D.Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.

答案：

A

[解答]本题细节定位于最后一段第一句话“Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess”。

由此可知，通过印刷媒介交流可以控制儿童能够接触到的社会信息，因此选择A。

PassageTwo

InanarticlesomeChinesescholarsaredescribedasbeing"tantalizedbythemysteriousdragonbonehieroglyphics."TantalizedisoneofmanyEnglishwordsthathavetheiroriginsinmythsandlegendsofthepast（inthiscase,GreekandRomanones）.Themeaningoftheverbtantalizeisaveryparticularone:

"topromiseorshowsomethingdesirabletoapersonandthentakeitaway;toteasebyarousinghope."Many（butnotall）Englishdictionariesgiveyouabriefindicationofaword'soriginsinbracketsbeforeoraftertheexplanationofthemeaning.Fortantalizethefollowingexplanationisgiven:

[＞Tantalus].ThismeansthatyoushouldlookupthenameTantalustofindouttheword'sorigins,andif