山东省济宁二中届高三英语考前仿真热身卷4精校解析Word版Word文档下载推荐.docx

山东省济宁二中届高三英语考前仿真热身卷4精校解析Word版Word文档下载推荐.docx

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tionofmasterworks.

CourseNo.158 

InMyFavoriteUniverse,world-famousphysicistanddirectoroftheHaydenPknetariumNeildcGrasscTysontakesyouonaspiritedandintellectuallyinterestingjourneythroughtheuniverseandallitshistory,frombeforethebigbangtothemostlikelywaysinwhichtheentireuniversemightend.

CourseNo.6299 

InTheHistoryoftheBible:

TheMakingoftheNewTestamentCanon,NewYorkTimesbest-sellingauthorandprofessorBartD.EhrmanrevealsthesecrethistorybehindthemakingoftheNewTestament,includinghowandwheneachbookwaswrittenandwhyitwaschosentobeincluded.

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1.Whocantellyousomethingaboutthespace?

A.BartD.Ehrman.

B.NeildcGrasscTyson.

C.ArthurT.Benjamin.

D.RichardBrertell.

2.HowmuchisCourseNo.158onDVDdeliveredtoyourhouse?

A.$6.95.

B.$9.95.

C.$11.95.

D.$14.95.

3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Collegecoursesstudiedinhome.

B.Collegecourseslearnedonline.

C.Someworld-famouslectures.

D.Fourinterestingbooksindiscount.

2、 

ItissafetosaythatGeorgeBernardShaw（1856—1950）,theIrish-bornwriter,ismorefamousforbeingGeorgeBernardShawthanheisforhiswritingstoday.FewofShaw’smorethan60plays,novelsandessaysareperformedorreadanymore.AndyetShawgenuinelyhelpedmakeourmodernworld.Althoughyou'

dbeluckytogetachancetoseeoneofhisdramastoday, 

in 

histime 

he 

turnedthetheaterintoavehicleforthediscussionofsocialissues,notonlyinBritainbuton 

the 

stageof 

world.InawayShawwassomeonewhocreatedthemoderncultureofBritain.

Wherethetheaterhadbeendominatedbyentertainment,Shawusedittoteachpeopletheimportanceofpayingattentiontotheissuesoftheirday.Theplight（苦难）ofthepoorandtheworkingclass,thesituationofwomenandtheinstitutionsofsociety,suchastheeducationsystem一Shawwasamongthemostwell-knownfiguresmakingthesetopicscentraltopublicdebate.Hisfirstplay,Widoxvers'

Houses（1892）9dealswiththequestionofslum（贫民窟）housing.HisMrsWarren'

sProfession（1893）broughtacontroversialtopictothestage.

Shawwasanimportantmoverandshakerinnewpoliticalmovementstoo.HewasanearlymemberoftheFabianSociety,whicharguedforthesocialistcauseintheUK.Shawwasalsothefounder（in1895）ofoneofthenowmostfamouscollegesintheworld,theLondonSchoolofEconomics.

Iffewofhisworkshavereallystoodthetestoftime,manyofhisquotationshavebecomepartofthefurnitureoftheEnglishlanguage.“Youthiswastedontheyoung,”hewrote.Healsoknewhowtosumupapoliticalphilosophy（哲学）inafewmemorablewords.Forinstance:

“AgovernmentthatrobsPetertopayPaulcanalwaysdependonthesupportofPaul.

1.Shaw'

sinfluenceonthemodernworldcomesmainlyfrom__________.

A.thechangeshebroughttotheBritishculture

B.hisphilosophiesontheroleofgovernment

C.hisawarenessofsocialproblemsofhisday

D.thesupportfortheLondonSchoolofEconomics

2.Widowers'

Housesisaplaythatmainlyfocuseson 

______.

A.thefailureoftheUKeducationsystem

B.thehousingproblemsofpoorpeople

C.robberyincidentsinslumareas

D.socialistmovementsintheUK

3.BydescribingShaw’squotationsas“partofthefurnitureoftheEnglishlanguage”,theauthormeansthatShaw’swords 

________.

A.havebecomethebestpartofEnglish

B.havegreatlydevelopedtheEnglishlanguage

C.havemadetheEnglishlanguagephilosophical

D.havebecomeaninseparablepartoftheEnglishlanguage

4.WhichofthefollowingaboutGeorgeBernardShaw'

sworksisTRUE?

A.Theyshouldbeadaptedformodernreaders.

B.Theyaremostlyaboutthelivesofworkingclass.

C.Theydealwithimportantsocialissuesoftheirday.

D.Mostofthemarestillperformedonthestageoftheworldtoday.

3、 

What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?

Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.

Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm（算法）”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.

Asthefieldofanimalcognition（认知）appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;

hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.

Buthowevertheyperceive（感知）orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.

1.Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?

A.Memory.

B.Movementrules.

C.Rewardcalculating.

D.Informationprocessing.

2.Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?

A.Math.

B.Biology.

C.Ecology.

D.Psychology.

3.Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?

A.Bysettingthemfree.

B.Bymovingflowers.

C.Bymatchingview.

D.Bymakingmaps.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Hummingbirdsand

B.eesB.HummingbirdsintheLab

C.NewTrendsinStudyingBees

D.ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees

4、 

StudiesshowfarmlandinAfricaisoftenlackinginimportantnutrients.Butresearcherssayacombinationoffarmingmethodsmayhelp.

Researcherswonderhowtoincreaseproductionwithoutnecessarilyclearingmorelandtogrowadditionalcrops.Americanresearcherssaythatcanhappenwithgreateruseofanagriculturalsystemcalledperennation.Itmixesfoodcropswithtreesandperennialplants—thosethatreturnyearafteryear.

SoilscientistJohnReganoldsays,"

Oneofthemajorproblemsisthatthesoilsarefairlypoorinmostoftheregions.Sohowdoyougrowfoodonpoorsoils?

Therehavetobefoodproductionsystemsthatcanbuildthesoilandimprovethefield.”

Mr.Reganoldsayspoorsoilsmayhaveresultedfromyearsofweatheringthatwashedawaymanynutrients.Hesayssomefarmersmayhavedonemoreharmthangood.

“Theyhavebeenactuallyusingfarmingpracticeswherethey’renotputtinginorganicmatter.They'

renotputtinginfertilizers.Theycan'

taffordthosethings.Anditjustrunsthesoildown.Sothey’reworseningthesituation."

ThescientistsaysthewordperennationdefinesthreesystemsthatarealreadyusedinAfrica.Theoldestofthethree 

iscalledevergreenagriculture. 

This 

is 

where 

farmersplanttreeswiththeir 

crops.FarmersinAfricahave 

beendoingthisforsixtyyears, 

but 

it 

seems 

to 

begrowinginpopularity.

ThemethodisgainingwidespreaduseincountriessuchasNiger,BurkinaFaso,MalawiandZambia.Thetreesareplantedamongmaize（玉米）,milletorsorghumcrops.Theynotonlyaddnitrogentothesoilthroughtheirroots,butalsothroughtheirleaveswhentheyfalloffandbreakdown.Atothertimesoftheyear,thetreescanprotectplantsfromstrongsunlight.

JohnReganoldsaysheknowsofonewomanwhohashadgreatsuccesswithperennation.

“She’sagrandmotherinherfifties.HernameisRhodaMangyanaandshestartedusingthissystemabouttwentyyearsago.Andheryieldsinitiallywereaboutatonofmaize.Nowwithagoodyearshegetsfourtonsperhectare,fourtimeswhatshewasgetting."

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto 

A.tellpeoplehowtoincreaseproduction

B.introduceanagriculturalsysteminAfri