商务英语重点词汇文档格式.docx

商务英语重点词汇文档格式.docx

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Commerce商业；

商务Commercial商业的；

商务的；

商用的

Enterprise企事业单位FreeEnterprise自由企业

PrivateEnterprise私人企业

二、Frommultinationalstosmallfirms从跨国公司到小型企业

Largecompaniesarereferredtoascorporations,especiallyintheUnitedStates.Corporateisusedtodescribethingsrelatingtoacorporation,ortocorporationsingeneral,inexpressionsliketheonesinthenextexercise.Largecompaniesoperatinginmanycountriesaremultinationals.

Bigbusinesscanrefertolargebusinessorganizationsortoanybusinessactivitythatmakesalotofmoney.Smallcompaniesarereferredtoassmallbusinessesorsmallfirms.

Unlikesomelanguages,Englishdoesnothaveaneverydaytermforsmallandmedium-sizedcompanies,apartfromthisratherclumsyexpression.

Corporation大公司；

股份有限公司Corporate法人；

团体

Multinational跨国的；

多国的Bigbusiness大型企业；

大公司

Smallandmediumsizedcompanies中小规模的公司

Smallbusiness小公司Smallfirm小公司

三、Industriesandsectors工业及其部门

Businessesmaybeclassifiedaccordingtowhichindustrytheyarein:

forexampleconstruction,oil,banking,food.

Sectorissometimesusedtomeanindustryinthesameway,particularlybyspecialistssuchasfinancialjournalists,butitismoreoftenusedtotalkaboutdifferentpartsoftheeconomyincombinationssuchaspublicsectorandprivatesector,orabouttypesofbusinessinexpressionslikeservicesectorandmanufacturingsector.

Industry工业；

产业Sector部门；

部分

Publicsector公共部门Privatesector私营部门

manufacturingsector制造部门Servicesector服务部门

四、Publicsectorandprivate公共部门和私营部门

Whenaprivatecompanyisboughtbythestateandbroughtintothepublicsector,itisnationalizedinaprocessofnationalization.Anationalizedcompanyisstate-owned.Whenthestatereturnsacompanytotheprivatesectorinasell-off,itisprivatized.Thisisprivatization.

Thefirsttobesoldoffinaprivatizationprogramareoftenthecompaniesresponsibleforthepublicsupplyofelectricity,waterandgas:

theutilities.

Nationalized国有化的Nationalization国有化

Privatized私有化的Privatization私有化

State-owned国有的Selloff廉价出清

Utilities公用事业；

公用事业部门

五、Stakes份额；

股份

IfCompanyAownssharesorequityinCompanyB,Ahasorholdsastake,holdingorshareholdinginB.IfAownslessthanhalfthesharesinB,ithasaminoritystakeinB.

IfAownsmorethanhalfthesharesinB,ithasamajoritystakeorcontrollingstakeinB.Ifyouhavesharesinacompanyyouareashareholder.

Shares/stake份额；

股份Equity股份；

产权；

普通股票

Holding持有；

股票额Shareholding持有股票数

Shareholder股东Holdastake持有份额

Majoritystake大股东（50%以上）Controllingstake大股东

Minoritystake小股东

原作者：

MBA100

商务英语重点词汇

（2）

一、Parentsandsisters母公司和姐妹公司

Aholdingorholdingcompanyisonethatholdsstakesinoneormoresubsidiaries.Ifitownsallthesharesinasubsidiary,thesubsidiaryisawholly-ownedone.

Aholdingcompany'

srelationshiptoitssubsidiariesisthatofparentcompany,andthesubsidiariesrelationshiptoeachotheristhatofsistercompanies.Aholdinganditssubsidiariesformagroup.

Aconglomerateisagroupcontainingalotofdifferentcompaniesindifferentbusinesses.Journalistsalsorefertolargegroupsasgiants.

Holdingcompany控股公司Subsidiary子公司

Wholly-ownedsubsidiary全资子公司Parentcompany母公司

Sistercompany姐妹公司Group集团公司

Conglomerate联合大企业Giant大企业；

企业巨人（新闻用语）

二、Predators,raiders,andwhiteknights掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者

Thetakeoverprocessisoftendescribedintermsofoneanimalhuntinganother:

acompanyorindividualseekingtotakeoveranothercompanymaybereferredtoasapredator,andthetargetcompanyastheprey.Predatorsarealsoreferredtoasraidersorcorporateraiders.

Acompanywishingtoresist,wardoff,orfendoffbeingtakenoverhasanumberofoptions.Itmaydeviseplansthatgiveexistingshareholdersspecialrights,oritmaymakeitselflessattractivetobiddersbysellingoffavaluablepartofthecompany,orholdingontoanunattractiveone.Actionslikethesearepoisonpills.

Oritmaypersuadeafriendlypartner,awhiteknight,totakeastakeinthecompany,thuspreventingacompletetakeoverbyahostilebidder.Biddersmayagreetowithdrawtheirbidifpaidenoughmoneyforthesharestheyholdinthetargetcompany.Thisisgreenmail.

Predator掠夺者（恶意吞并其它企业）Prey猎物（被恶意并购的企业）

Raider掠夺者（恶意并购其它企业）Corporateraider合伙掠夺者

Fendoffabid阻止收购Wardoffabid阻止收购

Poisonbill毒药（公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力）

WhiteKnight

指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。

Greenmail绿函交易

指兼并企业以增加股票价值为条件撤回自己向标的企业投标的交易。

三、Leveragedbuy-outsandjunkbonds杠杆收购和垃圾债券

Inaleveragedbuyout,orLBO,acompanyisacquiredbyagroupofinvestors,oftenfinancedbyheavyborrowing.Thedebtisthenpaidoutofthetargetcompany'

soperatingrevenuesorbysellingitsassets.

TheborrowinginvolvedinLBOsisoftenhigh-riskdebtcalledjunkbonds.

LBOsfinancedbyjunkwerefrequentinthe1980sandafteranabsencefollowingtheexcessesofthatperiod,theyarenowoccurringagain.

Leveragedbuy-out杠杠收购LBO=Leveragedbuy-out

Junkbonds高风险债券

四、Jointventuresandalliances合资与联盟

Twoormorecompaniesmaydecidetoworktogetherbysettingupajointventureorallianceinwhicheachholdsastake.

Jointventure合资企业Alliance企业联盟

五、Mergers兼并

Whentwocompaniescombine,usuallyvoluntarily,theymergeinamerger.

Mergers兼并Merger兼并

商务英语重点词汇（3）

一、Restructuring企业重组

（1）

Agroupcontainingmanytypesofbusinessisdiversified.Agroup'

sbasicbusinessactivity,perhapstheoneitoriginallystartedwith,isitscorebusiness.Separatebusinessactivitiesmaybeviewedasprofitcenters,eachresponsibleforgeneratingprofit.

Businessesareoftenencouragedtoconcentrateorfocusontheircoreactivitiesandtoselloff,spinoff,ordisposeofnon-essentialassets.Theseassetsareoftenreferredtoasnon-coreassets.

Asaleofassetsinthiswayisreferredtoasasell-off,spin-off,ordisposal.Aspin-offcanalsorefertoabusinessthathasbeenspunoff.

Diversified多样化；

多角化Corebusiness核心经营

Profitcenter利润中心Focus集中经营

Assets资产；

基金Non-coreassets空心资本

Selloff抛售Spinoff剥离；

拆分

Disposeof处理；

变卖Disposal处理；

变卖

二、Managementbuy-outs管理层收购

Whenagroupisrestructured,themanagersofabusinessthatistobesoldoffmaywanttobuyitthemselvesinamanagementbuy-outorMBO,usuallyincombinationwithanorganizationprovidingfinanceintheformofventurecapital.

Managementbuyout=MBO管理层收购Venturecapital风险投资

三、Entrepreneursandtycoons企业家和金融巨头

Anentrepreneur（企业家）isusuallysomeonewhobuildsupacompanyfromnothing:

astart-up（新创）company.

Entrepreneursmayonedaybecometycoons（实业界/金融界巨头）,magnates（产业大王）ormoguls（工商巨擘）:

richandsuccessfulpeoplewithpowerandinfluencewhoheadbigorganizations,usuallyonestheyhavebuiltupthemselvesandinwhichtheyhavealargepersonalstake.

四、Managersandexecutives经理和董事

Amanagerissomeoneinapositionofresponsibilityinanorganization.Anexecutive（总经理；

董事）isusuallyamanageratquiteahighlevel.Executivesarealsoexecs,aninformalexpression.Peopleattheheadofanorganizationareseniorexecutives（高级董事/主管）orseniormanagers（高层管理者/总经理）,topexecutives（高层领导者）ortopmanagers（总经理）.

五、Ladiesandgentlemenoftheboard董事会成员

Thepeoplelegallyresponsibleforacompanyareitsboardorboardofdirectors（理事会/董事会）.

IntheUS,theheadofacompanymayhavethetitlepresident（总裁/董事长）.Again,theresponsibilitiesofthispostvaryfromcompanytocompany,andthepostmaybecombinedwithanother.

IntheUS,aseniormanagerinchargeofafunctionmayhavethetitlevice-president（副总裁/副董事长）andmaybeontheboard.Onevicepresidentmayhaveresponsibilityforrunningthecompany,ormaybenot,asthelastexamplebelowindicatesonlytoowell.

Executivedirectors（执行董事）onaboardarehighlevelmanagersofthecompany.Otherdirectorsarenon-executivedirectors（非常务董事）,perhapsbringingtheirknowledgeandexperiencetoseveralcompanyboards.

商务英语重点词汇（4）

一、Headhunting猎头

Headhunters（猎头者）arespecialistconsultantswhosearchforhighlevel,oftenboard-level,executivesandtrytopersuadethemtoleavetheircurrentjobinordertogotoworkinanothercompany.Managersfoundinthiswayareheadhuntedinaprocessofheadhunting.

Executivesmaybepersuadedtomovecompanybythepromiseofagoldenhello（见面礼）:

alargesumofmoneyorsomeotherfinancialenticementofferedbythecompanytheymoveto.

二、Executivepay主管人员的收入

Whentalkingaboutexecutivepay,compensation（薪水）canrefer,confusingly,totwodifferentth